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אֵיד

𐤀𐤉𐤃

ʼêyd

H343 noun

SILEX Entry

Root אוד to bend down, to sink, to endure

Definition

A disastrous event, calamity, or misfortune; the state or condition marked by sudden adverse fate, especially as a collective or national experience, such as destruction, ruin, or great distress. The term denotes occurrences that bring distress, ruin, or disaster upon individuals or communities, and is often used poetically or in parallel with terms for disaster and destruction.

Semantic Range

disaster, calamity, ruin, misfortune, destruction, downfall, adversity

Root / Etymology

Root: אוד (ʼwd), with the likely core meaning "to bend, to subside, to sink" or "to endure." אֵיד appears to be a nominal formation denoting what befalls or overtakes someone, particularly in the sense of something pressing down or overwhelming. Some connect it to a sense of "bending down under a burden" or to disaster that "descends" on a person or people.

Historical & Contextual Notes

אֵיד is used primarily in poetic and prophetic passages, often in contexts describing disaster striking enemies or the nation itself (e.g., Job 18:12; Ezekiel 35:5). It frequently occurs in parallelism with words like שֶׁבֶר (shever, "breaking"), חֳרָבָה (chorbah, "desolation"), and is predominantly associated with national calamity, not just personal misfortune. The term can denote both sudden destruction and ongoing ruin. In exilic and post-exilic texts, אֵיד expands in usage to anticipate or lament past destruction (such as the fall of Jerusalem). Standard English translations such as "calamity," "disaster," or "ruin" generally capture its bulk sense, though some renderings like "oppression" are more interpretative than lexical. The word is distinct from מַשְׁבֶּר (mashber, "catastrophe") in focusing less on the process of breaking and more on the resultant state or event of ruin. Later traditions sometimes render it with terms associated with "tribulation" or "affliction" but this broadens the original nuance.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

from the same as אוּד (in the sense of bending down); oppression; by implication misfortune, ruin; calamity, destruction.

Bantu Hebrew

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Root Family

אוד (ʾ-w-d) — to bend down, to sink, to endure

Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H108 אֵד to his enveloping mist
H181 אוּד the firebrands
H182 אוֹדוֹת matters concerning

Word Forms

9 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 Occurrences
H343-03 אֵידָ֔/ם eydam HNcmsc/Sp3mp their calamity their calamity 9
H343-02 אֵיד eyd HNcmsc calamity calamitous downfall of 5
H343-06 אֵיד֑/וֹ eydo HNcmsc/Sp3ms of their calamity his calamity 3
H343-05 אֵידִ֑/י eydi HNcmsc/Sp1cs of my calamity my calamity 2
H343-08 וְ֝/אֵ֗יד veeyd HC/Ncmsa and calamity disaster 1
H343-01 בְּ/אֵידְ/כֶ֣ם beeydekhem HR/Ncmsc/Sp2mp at your calamity in your disaster 1
H343-04 אֵידֶ֑/ךָ eydekha HNcmsc/Sp2ms of your calamity your downfall 1
H343-07 לְ֝/אֵ֗יד leeyd HR/Ncmsa at calamity calamity 1
H343-09 וְֽ֭/אֵידְ/כֶם veeydekhem HC/Ncmsc/Sp2mp and your calamity your calamity 1

Occurrences in Scripture

24 total occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1
H343-03 Deuteronomy 32:35 אֵידָ֔/ם eydam HNcmsc/Sp3mp of their calamity their calamity
H343-05 2 Samuel 22:19 אֵידִ֑/י eydi HNcmsc/Sp1cs of my calamity my calamity
H343-03 Jeremiah 18:17 אֵידָֽ/ם eydam HNcmsc/Sp3mp their calamity their calamity
H343-03 Jeremiah 46:21 אֵידָ֛/ם eydam HNcmsc/Sp3mp of their calamity their calamity
H343-02 Jeremiah 48:16 אֵיד eyd HNcmsc calamity calamitous downfall of
H343-02 Jeremiah 49:8 אֵ֥יד eyd HNcmsc the calamity calamitous downfall of
H343-03 Jeremiah 49:32 אֵידָ֖/ם eydam HNcmsc/Sp3mp their calamity their calamity
H343-03 Ezekiel 35:5 אֵידָ֔/ם eydam HNcmsc/Sp3mp their calamity their calamity
H343-03 Obadiah 1:13 אֵידָ֔/ם eydam HNcmsc/Sp3mp of their calamity their calamity
H343-06 Obadiah 1:13 אֵיד֑/וֹ eydo HNcmsc/Sp3ms of their calamity his calamity
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