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עֳנִי

𐤏𐤍𐤉

ʻŏnîy

H6040 noun

SILEX Entry

Definition

State or condition of affliction, poverty, or misery, particularly marked by suffering, distress, or social disadvantage. The term denotes both the external experiences of hardship and the internal experiences of distress or humiliation. It encompasses physical suffering (such as poverty, deprivation, or oppression) and emotional or psychological distress.

Semantic Range

affliction, misery, poverty, state of being afflicted, distress, oppression, suffering, humiliation

Root / Etymology

From the Hebrew root ענה (ʿnh), which in the piel means 'to afflict, oppress, humble.' עֳנִי (ʻŏnîy) is a noun formation denoting the state or condition resulting from being afflicted. The root focuses on causing hardship or bringing into subjection, but the noun emphasizes the resultant state of the person or group.

Historical & Contextual Notes

עֳנִי is frequently used in the Hebrew Bible to describe both material poverty and conditions of suffering or oppression, especially among marginalized or vulnerable groups in society. It is distinguished from related terms such as רֵעָב (rēʿāv, 'hunger') or אָבְיוֹן (ʾavyôn, 'the poor, needy'), by emphasizing affliction or distress rather than simply economic poverty. The word is often paired with similar terms for emphasis (e.g., עֳנִי וָרָע, 'affliction and evil'). In poetic or prophetic contexts, עֳנִי may carry both literal and metaphorical senses, including humility before the divine. English translations often render it as 'affliction,' 'misery,' or 'poverty,' but the Hebrew term carries a broader and deeper sense of suffering or humiliation, especially as experienced by the vulnerable. In late biblical and post-biblical texts, the term develops a more spiritualized sense, with the afflicted portrayed as especially close to the divine or objects of divine concern.

Translation Consistency

primary "affliction" 36 occurrences

Most natural and common renderings in the data use “affliction,” which captures the broad semantic range (suffering, distress, poverty, humiliation, oppression). It is a neutral, natural English noun that fits both external hardship and internal distress and can be inflected or paraphrased as needed (e.g., ‘afflicted’) while keeping a single consistent base form. Alternatives like “poverty” or “misery” are narrower or more emotional and less consistently appropriate.

✓ All renderings match approved senses

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

from עָנָה; depression, i.e. misery; afflicted(-ion), trouble.

Bantu Hebrew

No Bantu Hebrew comparisons have been recorded for this word yet.

Root Family

ענה (Baana) — to afflict, humble, oppress

Root ענה to afflict, to humble, to oppress, to respond
Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H1195 בַּעֲנָא Son of Affliction
H1196 בַּעֲנָה In Affliction
H2057 וַנְיָה Yah Answers
H3283 יָעֵן ostriches
H3284 יַעֲנָה the female ostrich

Word Forms

11 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
H6040-09 עֳנִ֥י oni HNcmsc affliction afflicted state affliction 12
H6040-05 עָנְיִ֞/י aneyi HNcmsc/Sp1cs my affliction my affliction my affliction 9
H6040-08 מֵ/עֳנִ֣י meoni HR/Ncmsc because of affliction from affliction from affliction 4
H6040-10 בְ/עָנְיִ֜/י veaneyi HR/Ncmsc/Sp1cs in my affliction in my affliction in my affliction 3
H6040-04 עָנְיֵ֛/נוּ aneyenu HNcmsc/Sp1cp our affliction our affliction our affliction 2
H6040-01 עָנְיָ/הּ֙ aneyah HNcmsc/Sp3fs her affliction her affliction her affliction 1
H6040-02 עָנְיָ֔/ם aneyam HNcmsc/Sp3mp their affliction their affliction their affliction 1
H6040-03 עָנְיֵֽ/ךְ aneyekhe HNcmsc/Sp2fs your affliction your affliction your affliction 1
H6040-06 בָּ/עֳנִ֣י baoni HR/Ncmsc in the affliction in affliction-of the affliction of 1
H6040-07 בְּ/עָנְיִ֔/י beaneyi HR/Ncmsc/Sp1cs my affliction in my affliction my affliction 1

Occurrences in Scripture

36 occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
H6040-03 Genesis 16:11 עָנְיֵֽ/ךְ aneyekhe HNcmsc/Sp2fs your affliction your affliction your affliction
H6040-07 Genesis 29:32 בְּ/עָנְיִ֔/י beaneyi HR/Ncmsc/Sp1cs my affliction in my affliction my affliction
H6040-05 Genesis 31:42 עָנְיִ֞/י aneyi HNcmsc/Sp1cs my affliction my affliction my affliction
H6040-05 Genesis 41:52 עָנְיִֽ/י aneyi HNcmsc/Sp1cs of my affliction my affliction my affliction
H6040-09 Exodus 3:7 עֳנִ֥י oni HNcmsc the affliction of afflicted state affliction
H6040-08 Exodus 3:17 מֵ/עֳנִ֣י meoni HR/Ncmsc out of the affliction of from affliction from affliction
H6040-02 Exodus 4:31 עָנְיָ֔/ם aneyam HNcmsc/Sp3mp their affliction their affliction their affliction
H6040-09 Deuteronomy 16:3 עֹ֑נִי oni HNcmsa of affliction afflicted state affliction
H6040-04 Deuteronomy 26:7 עָנְיֵ֛/נוּ aneyenu HNcmsc/Sp1cp misery our affliction our affliction
H6040-06 1 Samuel 1:11 בָּ/עֳנִ֣י baoni HR/Ncmsc in the affliction in affliction-of the affliction of
H6040-09 2 Kings 14:26 עֳנִ֥י oni HNcmsc affliction afflicted state affliction
H6040-09 Isaiah 48:10 עֹֽנִי oni HNcmsa of affliction afflicted state affliction
H6040-05 Psalms 9:14 עָ֭נְיִ/י aneyi HNcmsc/Sp1cs my-affliction my affliction my affliction
H6040-05 Psalms 25:18 עָ֭נְיִ/י aneyi HNcmsc/Sp1cs my affliction my affliction my affliction
H6040-05 Psalms 31:8 עָנְיִ֑/י aneyi HNcmsc/Sp1cs my affliction my affliction my affliction
H6040-04 Psalms 44:25 עָנְיֵ֣/נוּ aneyenu HNcmsc/Sp1cp our affliction our affliction our affliction
H6040-09 Psalms 88:10 עֹ֥נִי oni HNcmsa my affliction afflicted state my affliction
H6040-09 Psalms 107:10 עֳנִ֣י oni HNcmsa affliction afflicted state affliction
H6040-08 Psalms 107:41 מֵ/ע֑וֹנִי meoni HR/Ncmsa from affliction from affliction from affliction
H6040-10 Psalms 119:50 בְ/עָנְיִ֑/י veaneyi HR/Ncmsc/Sp1cs in my affliction in my affliction in my affliction
H6040-10 Psalms 119:92 בְ/עָנְיִֽ/י veaneyi HR/Ncmsc/Sp1cs in my affliction in my affliction in my affliction
H6040-05 Psalms 119:153 עָנְיִ֥/י aneyi HNcmsc/Sp1cs my affliction my affliction my affliction
H6040-09 Proverbs 31:5 עֹֽנִי oni HNcmsa the afflicted afflicted state affliction
H6040-05 Job 10:15 עָנְיִֽ/י aneyi HNcmsc/Sp1cs my affliction my affliction my affliction
H6040-09 Job 30:16 עֹֽנִי oni HNcmsa affliction afflicted state affliction
H6040-09 Job 30:27 עֹֽנִי oni HNcmsa affliction afflicted state affliction
H6040-09 Job 36:8 עֹֽנִי oni HNcmsa of affliction afflicted state affliction
H6040-11 Job 36:15 בְ/עָנְי֑/וֹ veaneyo HR/Ncmsc/Sp3ms in his affliction in his affliction in his affliction
H6040-08 Job 36:21 מֵ/עֹֽנִי meoni HR/Ncmsa rather than affliction from affliction from affliction
H6040-08 Lamentations 1:3 מֵ/עֹ֨נִי֙ meoni HR/Ncmsa because of affliction from affliction from affliction
H6040-01 Lamentations 1:7 עָנְיָ/הּ֙ aneyah HNcmsc/Sp3fs her affliction her affliction her affliction
H6040-05 Lamentations 1:9 עָנְיִ֔/י aneyi HNcmsc/Sp1cs my affliction my affliction my affliction
H6040-09 Lamentations 3:1 עֳנִ֔י oni HNcmsa affliction afflicted state affliction
H6040-05 Lamentations 3:19 עָנְיִ֥/י aneyi HNcmsc/Sp1cs my affliction my affliction my affliction
H6040-09 Nehemiah 9:9 עֳנִ֥י oni HNcmsc affliction afflicted state affliction
H6040-10 1 Chronicles 22:14 בְ/עָנְיִ֜/י veaneyi HR/Ncmsc/Sp1cs in my poverty in my affliction in my affliction
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