Hebrew Morphology Codes

Hebrew morphology codes use the compact OSHB format. A code like HVqp3ms reads as: H (Hebrew), V (verb), q (Qal), p (perfect), 3 (3rd person), m (masculine), s (singular). Prefixes are separated by / (e.g. HR/Ncfsa = preposition + noun).

Also see: Greek Morphology Codes

Part of Speech

Code	Meaning	Description
`A`	Adjective	Describes a noun (e.g. gadol "great," tov "good")
`C`	Conjunction	Connects words or clauses (most commonly waw "and")
`D`	Adverb	Modifies a verb (e.g. me'od "very")
`N`	Noun	A person, place, thing, or idea (e.g. elohim "God")
`P`	Pronoun	Substitutes for a noun (e.g. hu "he," ani "I")
`R`	Preposition	Shows relationship (e.g. be "in," le "to," min "from")
`T`	Particle	Function words: article (ha), direct object marker (et), relative (asher)
`V`	Verb	An action or state (e.g. bara "he created")

Verbal Stem (Binyan)

Hebrew verbs have seven major stems (binyanim) that modify the root's meaning — adding causative, passive, or intensive force.

Code	Stem	Description
`q`	Qal	Simple active ("he kept")
`N`	Niphal	Simple passive or reflexive ("he was kept" / "he kept himself")
`p`	Piel	Intensive active ("he guarded diligently")
`P`	Pual	Intensive passive ("he was carefully guarded")
`t`	Hithpael	Intensive reflexive ("he guarded himself carefully")
`h`	Hiphil	Causative active ("he caused to keep")
`H`	Hophal	Causative passive ("he was caused to keep")

Conjugation

Code	Meaning	Description
`p`	Perfect	Completed action ("he wrote")
`i`	Imperfect	Incomplete/ongoing action ("he was writing" / "he will write")
`w`	Sequential imperfect	Imperfect with waw-consecutive, narrating past events
`q`	Sequential perfect	Perfect with waw-consecutive, continuing a narrative
`v`	Imperative	A command ("write!")
`h`	Cohortative	First-person wish or intention ("let me write")
`j`	Jussive	Third-person wish or command ("let him write")
`a`	Infinitive absolute	Emphasizes the verb ("he will surely write")
`c`	Infinitive construct	The verbal noun ("to write," "writing")
`r`	Participle active	The one doing the action ("the one writing")
`s`	Participle passive	The one receiving the action ("the thing written")

Person, Gender & Number

Code	Meaning
`1`	First person ("I" / "we")
`2`	Second person ("you")
`3`	Third person ("he" / "she" / "they")
`m`	Masculine
`f`	Feminine
`c`	Common (both genders)
`b`	Both (masculine and feminine)
`s`	Singular
`p`	Plural
`d`	Dual (exactly two)

State

Code	Meaning	Description
`a`	Absolute	The noun stands independently ("a king")
`c`	Construct	The noun is bound to the following word ("king of Israel")
`d`	Determined	The noun is definite, often with the article

Common Particle Subtypes

Code	Meaning	Description
`d`	Definite article	The prefix ha- ("the")
`o`	Direct object marker	The word et, marking the definite direct object
`r`	Relative	The word asher ("who," "which," "that")

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