κεράννυμι
keránnymi
G2767 verb
SILEX Entry
Definition
To mix or mingle (especially liquids), often with the specific nuance of mixing wine with water for drinking; more generally, to blend or combine substances, particularly in the context of preparing beverages. Contextually may refer either to the act of blending liquids or, by extension, to filling a cup with a mixed drink.
Semantic Range
to mix liquids (especially wine and water); to blend, to mingle; to prepare a mixed drink; to fill (a cup) with a mixed beverage; to pour out (a drink)
Root / Etymology
From root κερ- (uncertain; possibly related to κεράννυμι, a contracted later form found in Koine), primarily associated with the act of mixing, especially of drinks. Cognate or compared with μίγνυμι ('to mix,' broader usage).
Historical & Contextual Notes
In classical Greek, κεράννυμι (and contracted forms like κερῶ, ἐκέρασα) primarily referred to the mixing of wine with water—a standard Greek cultural practice, as unmixed (ἄκρατος) wine was considered uncivilized or undrinkable. In Koine usage, especially in the Septuagint and New Testament, the term can retain this sense (preparing drink by mixing) but is also used more generally for the act of pouring or filling with a mixed beverage. The verb is less common in purely secular Hellenistic texts, but retains ceremonial and symbolic overtones (such as the 'filling of a cup' in poetic and ritual contexts). The semantic overlap with μίγνυμι is notable: μίγνυμι is broader (mixing of any substances, liquids or solids), while κεράννυμι is more specialized for drink-mixing. English translations often render κεράννυμι simply as 'pour out' or 'fill,' but this can obscure the cultural nuance of drink preparation and the social norms of mixing wine with water. The Septuagint uses the verb where the Hebrew text speaks of pouring or mixing wine. The word also appears as a metaphor in some sources, for mingling experiences or elements.
Original Strong's Gloss (1890)
prolonged form of a more primary (which is used in certain tenses); to mingle, i.e. (by implication) to pour out (for drinking):--fill, pour out. Compare μίγνυμι.
Root Family
κεράννυμι (kerannymi) — to mix, to blend (liquids), to mingle
Word Forms
3 distinct forms
| SIDANCE | Surface | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 | Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G2767-02 |
κεκερασμένου | kekerasmenou | V PRF PASS PTCP GEN M SG |
has been poured/mixed | of the having-been-mixed one | has been mixed | 1 |
G2767-01 |
ἐκέρασεν | ekerasen | V AOR ACT IND 3P SG |
she mixed | mixed | she mixed | 1 |
G2767-03 |
κεράσατε | kerasate | V AOR ACT IMP 2P PL |
mix | Mix! | Mix | 1 |
Occurrences in Scripture
3 occurrences
| SIDANCE | Reference | Word | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G2767-02 |
Revelation 14:10 | κεκερασμένου | kekerasmenou | V PRF PASS PTCP GEN M SG |
has been poured/mixed | of the having-been-mixed one | has been mixed |
G2767-01 |
Revelation 18:6 | ἐκέρασεν | ekerasen | V AOR ACT IND 3P SG |
she mixed | mixed | she mixed |
G2767-03 |
Revelation 18:6 | κεράσατε | kerasate | V AOR ACT IMP 2P PL |
mix | Mix! | Mix |