βασιλεύς

basileús

G935 noun

SILEX Entry

Definition

chief ruler; one who exercises authority over a territory, people, or domain, typically as a monarch or sovereign. In various contexts, can specify the official leader of a city-state, a hereditary monarch, or other supreme ruler. By extension, sometimes used for key figures or powers (human or supernatural) holding ultimate authority in a given sphere.

Semantic Range

king, monarch, ruler, sovereign, tribal chieftain, local leader; metaphorically, a person or force with supreme authority

Root / Etymology

Most likely from the root βασιλ- with uncertain early Indo-European connections. The traditional association with βάσις ('foundation, base') is not supported by linguistic evidence; etymology uncertain. Cognates are attested in Mycenaean Greek as qa-si-re-u (Linear B: 𐀞𐀭𐀩𐀄), referring to a local chieftain.

Historical & Contextual Notes

In classical Greek, βασιλεύς originally denoted a tribal or local chieftain (cf. Mycenaean 'qa-si-re-u'), then the word came to mean 'king' in the Homeric sense—a leader or ruler of a community or territory, often hereditary. By the Hellenistic period, the term referred both to local rulers and to monarchs of larger states (e.g., the Hellenistic dynasties). In the Septuagint, βασιλεύς is the standard rendering of Hebrew מֶלֶךְ (melek), designating the monarchs of Israel and neighboring peoples. In the New Testament, βασιλεύς is used for rulers such as Herod, Gentile kings, and also metaphorically (e.g., 'king' in parables, or as a title for God or the Messiah). Standard English translations usually render βασιλεύς as 'king,' but in the Greco-Roman and Second Temple contexts, this includes a wider variety of political and social leadership than modern Western monarchical concepts, which may be more strictly hereditary or centralized. Usage may also include non-royal, local rulers or even deities, depending on context. Not to be confused with related terms such as ἄρχων ('ruler, magistrate') or τύραννος ('autocrat, tyrant'), which specify different forms of governance or authority.

Translation Consistency

primary "king" 50 occurrences

Basileús most commonly denotes a monarch or sovereign; the natural, idiomatic English word 'king' fits the typical usage across contexts (hereditary ruler, national sovereign, or chief) and will render naturally in singular and plural forms (king/kings). It is more natural than the more formal 'sovereign' and more specific than 'ruler,' matching majority usage and readability.

✓ All renderings match approved senses

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

probably from βάσις (through the notion of a foundation of power); a sovereign (abstractly, relatively, or figuratively):--king.

Root Family

βασιλ- (basíleion) — royal, pertaining to a king, kingly

Root βασιλ- to rule, to be sovereign, to exercise authority
Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
G933 βασίλειον
G937 βασιλικός royal
G938 βασίλισσα queen

Word Forms

8 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
G935-07 Βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG King sovereign ruler king 48
G935-03 βασιλεῖς basileis N ACC M PL kings rulers kings 16
G935-01 βασιλέα basilea N ACC M SG king sovereign ruler king 15
G935-04 βασιλέων basileon N GEN M PL kings of kings of kings 11
G935-05 βασιλέως basileos N GEN M SG king of a sovereign king 9
G935-06 Βασιλεῦ basileu N VOC M SG King O king O king 9
G935-02 βασιλεῖ basilei N DAT M SG king to a sovereign to a king 6
G935-08 βασιλεῦσιν basileusin N DAT M PL kings to sovereign rulers kings 1

Occurrences in Scripture

115 occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
G935-01 Matthew 1:6 βασιλέα basilea N ACC M SG king sovereign ruler king
G935-05 Matthew 2:1 βασιλέως basileos N GEN M SG king of a sovereign king
G935-07 Matthew 2:2 Βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG King sovereign ruler king
G935-07 Matthew 2:3 βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG king sovereign ruler king
G935-05 Matthew 2:9 βασιλέως basileos N GEN M SG king's of a sovereign king
G935-05 Matthew 5:35 Βασιλέως basileos N GEN M SG King of a sovereign king
G935-03 Matthew 10:18 βασιλεῖς basileis N ACC M PL kings rulers kings
G935-04 Matthew 11:8 βασιλέων basileon N GEN M PL kings of kings of kings
G935-07 Matthew 14:9 βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG king sovereign ruler king
G935-03 Matthew 17:25 βασιλεῖς basileis N NOM M PL kings rulers kings
G935-02 Matthew 18:23 βασιλεῖ basilei N DAT M SG king to a sovereign to a king
G935-07 Matthew 21:5 βασιλεύς basileus N NOM M SG King sovereign ruler king
G935-02 Matthew 22:2 βασιλεῖ basilei N DAT M SG king to a sovereign to a king
G935-07 Matthew 22:7 βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG king sovereign ruler king
G935-07 Matthew 22:11 βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG king sovereign ruler king
G935-07 Matthew 22:13 βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG king sovereign ruler king
G935-07 Matthew 25:34 Βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG King sovereign ruler king
G935-07 Matthew 25:40 Βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG King sovereign ruler king
G935-07 Matthew 27:11 βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG king sovereign ruler king
G935-06 Matthew 27:29 Βασιλεῦ basileu N VOC M SG King O king O king
G935-07 Matthew 27:37 Βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG King sovereign ruler king
G935-07 Matthew 27:42 Βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG King sovereign ruler king
G935-07 Mark 6:14 βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG king sovereign ruler king
G935-07 Mark 6:22 βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG king sovereign ruler king
G935-01 Mark 6:25 βασιλέα basilea N ACC M SG king sovereign ruler king
G935-07 Mark 6:26 βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG king sovereign ruler king
G935-07 Mark 6:27 βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG king sovereign ruler king
G935-04 Mark 13:9 βασιλέων basileon N GEN M PL kings of kings of kings
G935-07 Mark 15:2 Βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG King sovereign ruler king
G935-01 Mark 15:9 Βασιλέα basilea N ACC M SG King sovereign ruler king
G935-01 Mark 15:12 Βασιλέα basilea N ACC M SG King sovereign ruler king
G935-06 Mark 15:18 Βασιλεῦ basileu N VOC M SG King O king O king
G935-07 Mark 15:26 Βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG King sovereign ruler king
G935-07 Mark 15:32 Βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG King sovereign ruler king
G935-05 Luke 1:5 βασιλέως basileos N GEN M SG king of a sovereign of the king
G935-03 Luke 10:24 βασιλεῖς basileis N NOM M PL kings rulers kings
G935-07 Luke 14:31 βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG king sovereign ruler king
G935-02 Luke 14:31 βασιλεῖ basilei N DAT M SG king to a sovereign to a king
G935-07 Luke 19:38 βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG King sovereign ruler king
G935-03 Luke 21:12 βασιλεῖς basileis N ACC M PL kings rulers kings
G935-03 Luke 22:25 βασιλεῖς basileis N NOM M PL kings rulers kings
G935-01 Luke 23:2 βασιλέα basilea N ACC M SG a king sovereign ruler king
G935-07 Luke 23:3 βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG King sovereign ruler king
G935-07 Luke 23:37 Βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG King sovereign ruler king
G935-07 Luke 23:38 Βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG King sovereign ruler king
G935-07 John 1:49 Βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG King sovereign ruler king
G935-01 John 6:15 βασιλέα basilea N ACC M SG king sovereign ruler king
G935-07 John 12:13 Βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG King sovereign ruler king
G935-07 John 12:15 βασιλεύς basileus N NOM M SG King sovereign ruler king
G935-07 John 18:33 βασιλεὺς basileus N NOM M SG King sovereign ruler king