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זֵד

𐤆𐤃

zêd

H2086 adjective

SILEX Entry

Root זוד to act arrogantly, to boil, to be insolent, to be presumptuous

Definition

One who is insolent, arrogant, or presumptuous; an individual who manifests willful pride or open defiance toward others or toward the divine. The term often refers to someone acting in deliberate disregard of social, ethical, or covenantal boundaries, especially with a sense of haughtiness or rebellious self-assertion.

Semantic Range

arrogant person, insolent one, presumptuous individual, willfully defiant, open rebel

Root / Etymology

From the root זוּד (zwd), which carries the sense of acting with insolence, arrogance, or boiling over with pride. The root refers to deliberate, self-willed action, particularly in a manner that oversteps appropriate bounds. זֵד (zêd) is a substantive form meaning 'the arrogant one' or 'the presumptuous person,' highlighting the personal embodiment of the root trait.

Historical & Contextual Notes

In the biblical literature, זֵד is used to characterize persons who willfully defy social order or divine command, often used pejoratively for enemies or those who rebel against legitimate authority (see Psalm 19:13, 119:21, 51, 78, 85, 122; Malachi 3:15). The nuance is stronger than mere pride or self-confidence; it implies insolence and a conscious overstepping of boundaries. Unlike גֵּאֶה (gê’eh, 'proud' in the sense of being lofty or exalted) or רָם (rām, 'high, exalted'), זֵד often connotes harmful, rebellious, or morally negative arrogance. English translations often gloss as 'proud,' 'arrogant,' or 'presumptuous,' which may obscure the word's judicial or communal overtones in the biblical context, where the זֵד typically aligns with transgressors of Torah or order. In post-exilic and later Hebrew, the term remains closely associated with arrogance and insolence.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

from זוּד; arrogant; presumptuous, proud.

Bantu Hebrew

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Root Family

זוד (z-w-d) — boiling over, arrogance, insolence, presumptuousness

Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H2087 זָדוֹן in arrogant presumption
H2102 זוּד they acted arrogantly
H2103 זוּד to cause insolence
H2121 זֵידוֹן the boiling-up arrogant ones
H5138 נָזִיד the boiled stew

Word Forms

4 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 Occurrences
H2086-04 זֵדִ֔ים zedim HAampa the arrogant arrogant ones 10
H2086-02 מִ/זֵּדִ֨ים mizedim HR/Aampa from presumptuous sins from arrogant ones 1
H2086-01 הַ/זֵּדִ֑ים hazedim HTd/Aampa the arrogant the arrogant ones 1
H2086-03 זֵ֣ד zed HAamsa Proud arrogant one 1

Occurrences in Scripture

13 total occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1
H2086-04 Isaiah 13:11 זֵדִ֔ים zedim HAampa proud arrogant ones
H2086-01 Jeremiah 43:2 הַ/זֵּדִ֑ים hazedim HTd/Aampa the arrogant the arrogant ones
H2086-04 Malachi 3:15 זֵדִ֑ים zedim HAampa the arrogant arrogant ones
H2086-04 Malachi 3:19 זֵדִ֜ים zedim HAampa the proud arrogant ones
H2086-02 Psalms 19:14 מִ/זֵּדִ֨ים mizedim HR/Aampa from presumptuous sins from arrogant ones
H2086-04 Psalms 86:14 זֵ֘דִ֤ים zedim HAampa proud arrogant ones
H2086-04 Psalms 119:21 זֵדִ֣ים zedim HAampa the arrogant arrogant ones
H2086-04 Psalms 119:51 זֵ֭דִים zedim HAampa the proud arrogant ones
H2086-04 Psalms 119:69 זֵדִ֑ים zedim HAampa the proud arrogant ones
H2086-04 Psalms 119:78 זֵ֭דִים zedim HAampa the arrogant arrogant ones
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