זוּד
𐤆𐤅𐤃
zûwd
H2103 verb
SILEX Entry
Definition
To act presumptuously or arrogantly, to behave with insolence or overconfidence; specifically, to act with daring or intentional disregard for boundaries or authority. Used to describe individuals who challenge, defy, or disregard rightful limits or commands, often in a context of moral or social order.
Semantic Range
to act arrogantly, to act presumptuously, to behave insolently, to speak or act in pride, to answer with audacity or overconfidence
Root / Etymology
Root: זוּד. Likely derived from an original West Semitic root conveying the sense of boiling, seething, or swelling up (cf. Arabic zāda, to swell, and similar roots in other Semitic languages), which gives rise to the figurative sense of arrogant or presumptuous behavior (cf. 'bubbling over' with pride). The word as attested in Aramaic maintains this figurative nuance.
Historical & Contextual Notes
The verb זוּד appears only in Biblical Aramaic (not standard Biblical Hebrew), most notably in Daniel 3:16, used to describe the presumptuous or bold speech of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego before King Nebuchadnezzar. The usage carries the connotation of acting or speaking beyond what is normative or permitted, with an implicit moral evaluation of arrogance or overreach. This verb is functionally distinct from other Hebrew words for pride (e.g., גאה ga'ah 'to be proud, exalted') or insolence (e.g., זֵיד zeid 'presumptuous, arrogant'). In post-biblical usage, the sense of overweening arrogance or audacity persists. English translations often render it 'to be bold,' 'to answer arrogantly,' or 'to act with presumption,' but such renderings can obscure the social and moral dimensions in Ancient Near Eastern contexts, where such acts display a transgressive assertion against authority. There is a semantic overlap with the Hebrew cognate זֵיד, but זוּד is uniquely Aramaic in biblical usage.
Original Strong's Gloss (1890)
(Aramaic) corresponding to זוּד; to be proud; in pride.
Bantu Hebrew
No Bantu Hebrew comparisons have been submitted for this word yet.
+ Add Bantu Hebrew WordRoot Family
זוד (z-w-d) — insolence, presumption, arrogance, swelling pride
| Strong's | Lemma | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
| H2086 | זֵד | the arrogant ones |
| H2087 | זָדוֹן | in arrogant presumption |
| H2102 | זוּד | they acted arrogantly |
| H2121 | זֵידוֹן | the boiling-up arrogant ones |
| H5138 | נָזִיד | the boiled stew |
Word Forms
1 distinct form
| SIDANCE | Surface | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 | Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H2103-01 |
לַ/הֲזָדָ֑ה | lahazadah | AR/Vhc |
arrogant | to cause insolence | 1 |
Occurrences in Scripture
1 total occurrence
| SIDANCE | Reference | Word | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H2103-01 |
Daniel 5:20 | לַ/הֲזָדָ֑ה | lahazadah | AR/Vhc |
arrogant | to cause insolence |