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חָצַר

𐤇𐤑𐤓

châtsar

H2690 verb

SILEX Entry

Root חצר to enclose, surround, to blow (trumpet in denominative formation)

Definition

To blow, sound, or make a clear, strong signal on a trumpet (specifically the early bronze or silver straight trumpet, chatzotzerah). The verb denotes using a musical wind instrument in ceremonial or communal contexts for signaling, worship, or announcing an event. The action is not generic blowing, but the purposeful sounding of a trumpet designed to be heard over a large area.

Semantic Range

to blow (a trumpet), to sound (a trumpet), to summon or signal by trumpet, to play the trumpet (in ritual or ceremonial context)

Root / Etymology

Root חצר meaning is debated; traditionally, it denotes 'to surround' or 'enclose,' but in this verb form it is exclusively attested in the denominative sense derived from חֲצֹצְרָה (chatzotzerah, trumpet). It represents a denominative verb formed from the instrument's name, meaning 'to play or sound the trumpet.'

Historical & Contextual Notes

This verb is rare and appears solely in the Piel reduplicated form, and specifically when referencing the activity of blowing the straight metal trumpets associated with ritual, festal, or military occasions in ancient Israel. These trumpets differ from the shofar (ram's horn) and serve in both cultic processions and assembly calls (Num 10:2, 2 Chr 5:12). The instrument (chatzotzerah) and the verb are thus both specific to certain religious and communal functions. English translations often use 'trumpet' or 'blow the trumpet,' though this can mask the precise instrument and context. This verb is not used for the shofar. In later periods, 'blowing trumpets' acquired distinct symbolic functions, but in biblical texts it consistently refers to public ceremony or gathering rather than musical performance per se.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

a primitive root; properly, to surround with a stockade, and thus separate from the open country; but used only in the reduplicated form חֲצֹצֵר; or (2 Chronicles 5:12) חֲצֹרֵר; as dem. from חֲצֹצְרָה; to trumpet, i.e. blow on that instrument; blow, sound, trumpeter.

Bantu Hebrew

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Root Family

חצר (ḥ-ṣ-r) — to enclose, surround; to sound a trumpet (denominative)

Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H1178 בַּעַל חָצוֹר Hazor Enclosed-Settlement
H2674 חָצוֹר in Hazor
H2681 חָצִיר enclosed courtyard
H2682 חָצִיר field herbage
H2689 חֲצֹצְרָה in the silver trumpets

Word Forms

5 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 Occurrences
H2690-03 מַחְצְרִים֙ machetserim HVhrmpa sounding the ones causing trumpet-sounding 5
H2690-05 מחצצרים mchtstsrym HVhrmpa trumpeting the ones sounding the trumpet 4
H2690-02 ל/מחצצרים lmchtstsrym HRd/Vprmpa for trumpeters to the trumpet-sounders 1
H2690-04 מחצררים mchtsrrym HVhrmpa sounding the trumpet-sounders 1
H2690-01 לַ/מְחַצְּרִ֨ים lamechatserim HRd/Vprmpa for the trumpeters the trumpet-sounding ones 1

Occurrences in Scripture

12 total occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1
H2690-05 1 Chronicles 15:24 מחצצרים mchtstsrym HVhrmpa trumpeting the ones sounding the trumpet
H2690-03 1 Chronicles 15:24 מַחְצְרִים֙ machetserim HVhrmpa blowing the ones causing trumpet-sounding
H2690-04 2 Chronicles 5:12 מחצררים mchtsrrym HVhrmpa sounding the trumpet-sounders
H2690-03 2 Chronicles 5:12 מַחְצְרִ֖ים machetserim HVhrmpa sounding the ones causing trumpet-sounding
H2690-02 2 Chronicles 5:13 ל/מחצצרים lmchtstsrym HRd/Vprmpa for trumpeters to the trumpet-sounders
H2690-01 2 Chronicles 5:13 לַ/מְחַצְּרִ֨ים lamechatserim HRd/Vprmpa for the trumpeters the trumpet-sounding ones
H2690-05 2 Chronicles 7:6 מחצצרים mchtstsrym HVhrmpa trumpeting the ones sounding the trumpet
H2690-03 2 Chronicles 7:6 מַחְצְרִ֣ים machetserim HVhrmpa trumpeting the ones causing trumpet-sounding
H2690-05 2 Chronicles 13:14 מחצצרים mchtstsrym HVhrmpa blowing the ones sounding the trumpet
H2690-03 2 Chronicles 13:14 מַחְצְרִ֖ים machetserim HVhrmpa sounding the ones causing trumpet-sounding
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