אִיּוֹב (H347) — Hebrew Lexicon

אִיּוֹב

𐤀𐤉𐤅𐤁

Iov

H347 noun

SILEX Entry

Root איב to be hostile, treat as enemy, be at enmity

Definition

Personal name: Iyov (Job), an individual noted in biblical literature as the central figure of the book bearing his name. The lexical meaning of the name is uncertain; later Hebrew tradition and some scholarship connect it with the concept of 'enmity' or 'persecution', possibly meaning 'object of hostility' or 'the persecuted one,' but the exact derivation and meaning remain debated. Functionally, the word is used solely as a proper name in the Hebrew Bible.

Semantic Range

proper name (Iyov/Job); possibly, one persecuted or treated with enmity; no other noun or verbal usage in the Hebrew Bible

Root / Etymology

Root/Etymology: Often linked to the root איב (ʼ-y-b), 'to be hostile, enemy, treat as an enemy', but this connection is not firmly established. Some suggest the name may be related to Northwest Semitic roots, or perhaps is of foreign (non-Hebrew) origin. Etymology uncertain.

Historical & Contextual Notes

The name אִיּוֹב (Iyov) appears exclusively as a personal name, most notably as the protagonist of the biblical Book of Job. No clear evidence exists for usage outside this context in the Hebrew Bible. The meaning has been speculated as 'the persecuted one' or 'object of enmity', based on the possible verbal root איב, but there is no consensus, and the etymological connection remains uncertain. Iyov is not likely an Israelite by ethnicity, as the narrative situates him in the land of Uz, outside Israel's traditional territories; he interacts with Edomite, Temanite, and other non-Israelite figures. Later literary and religious traditions attribute additional characteristics (such as patience), but these attributions do not reflect the actual semantic meaning of the name. Early Greek (Septuagint) and later Christian translations often render the name as 'Job,' which then enters English and other languages. There is no indication in the Hebrew Bible that the name ever described a group identity or religious affiliation.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

from אָיַב; hated (i.e. persecuted); Ijob, the patriarch famous for his patience; Job.

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Root Family

איב (ʾ-y-b) — hostility, enmity, treating as an enemy

Strong's	Lemma	SIBI-P1
H340	אָיַב	and I will act as an enemy
H341	אֹיֵב	among hostile-ones of
H342	אֵיבָה	hostility

Word Forms

5 distinct forms

SIDANCE	Surface	Transliteration	Morphology	Common	SIBI-P1	Occurrences
`H347-02`	אִיּ֣וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov	50
`H347-05`	וְ/אִיּ֑וֹב	veiov	`HC/Np`	and-Job	and Iyov	4
`H347-04`	לְ/אִיּ֣וֹב	leiov	`HR/Np`	for Job	to Iyov	2
`H347-03`	כְּ/אִיּ֑וֹב	keiov	`HR/Np`	like Job	as Iyov	1
`H347-01`	בְּ֭/אִיּוֹב	beiov	`HR/Np`	against Job	in Iyov	1

Occurrences in Scripture

58 total occurrences

SIDANCE	Reference	Word	Transliteration	Morphology	Common	SIBI-P1
`H347-05`	Ezekiel 14:14	וְ/אִיּ֑וֹב	veiov	`HC/Np`	and Job	and Iyov
`H347-05`	Ezekiel 14:20	וְ/אִיּוֹב֮	veiov	`HC/Np`	and-Job	and Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 1:1	אִיּ֣וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 1:5	אִיּ֣וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 1:5	אִיּ֔וֹב	iov-2	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 1:5	אִיּ֖וֹב	iov-3	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 1:8	אִיּ֑וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 1:9	אִיּ֖וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 1:14	אִיּ֖וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 1:20	אִיּוֹב֙	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 1:22	אִיּ֑וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 2:3	אִיּוֹב֒	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 2:7	אִיּוֹב֙	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 2:10	אִיּ֖וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 2:11	אִיּ֗וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job's	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 3:1	אִיּוֹב֙	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 3:2	אִיּ֗וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 6:1	אִיּ֗וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 9:1	אִיּ֗וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 12:1	אִיּ֗וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 16:1	אִיּ֗וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 19:1	אִיּ֗וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 21:1	אִיּ֗וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 23:1	אִיּ֗וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 26:1	אִיּ֗וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 27:1	אִ֭יּוֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 29:1	אִ֭יּוֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 31:40	אִיּֽוֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 32:1	אִיּ֑וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-01`	Job 32:2	בְּ֭/אִיּוֹב	beiov	`HR/Np`	against Job	in Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 32:3	אִיּֽוֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 32:4	אִ֭יּוֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-04`	Job 32:12	לְ/אִיּ֣וֹב	leiov	`HR/Np`	for Job	to Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 33:1	אִיּ֣וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 33:31	אִיּ֥וֹב	iov	`HNp`	O Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 34:5	אִיּ֣וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-03`	Job 34:7	כְּ/אִיּ֑וֹב	keiov	`HR/Np`	like Job	as Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 34:35	אִ֭יּוֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 34:36	אִיּ֣וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-05`	Job 35:16	וְ֭/אִיּוֹב	veiov	`HC/Np`	and-Job	and Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 37:14	אִיּ֑וֹב	iov	`HNp`	O Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 38:1	אִ֭יּוֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 40:1	אִיּ֗וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 40:3	אִיּ֥וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 40:6	אִ֭יּוֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 42:1	אִיּ֥וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 42:7	אִיּ֑וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 42:7	אִיּֽוֹב	iov-2	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 42:8	אִיּ֗וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-05`	Job 42:8	וְ/אִיּ֣וֹב	veiov	`HC/Np`	and-Job	and Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 42:8	אִיּֽוֹב	iov-2	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 42:9	אִיּֽוֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 42:10	אִיּ֔וֹב	iov	`HNp`	of Job	Iyov
`H347-04`	Job 42:10	לְ/אִיּ֖וֹב	leiov	`HR/Np`	Job had	to Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 42:12	אִיּ֖וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 42:15	אִיּ֖וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 42:16	אִיּוֹב֙	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov
`H347-02`	Job 42:17	אִיּ֔וֹב	iov	`HNp`	Job	Iyov

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