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נְפַק

𐤍𐤐𐤒

nᵉphaq

H5312 verb

SILEX Entry

Definition

To go out, come forth, or depart from a place; to emerge or appear. In the causative sense, to bring out, lead forth, cause to depart, or send out. The term is used primarily in the Aramaic sections of the Hebrew Bible to denote physical or metaphorical movement from one location, state, or condition to another.

Semantic Range

to go out, to come forth, to depart, to emerge, to bring out (causative), to lead out, to send out, to make go forth

Root / Etymology

Root: נ-פ-ק. The root meaning is 'to go out, exit, emerge.' This verb is an Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew יצא (yatsa’), with similar core senses but characteristic of Aramaic vocabulary. The word נְפַק is a basic (qal/pe‘al) and causative (aphel) verb form in Aramaic; its Semitic root is attested in several related languages with similar meanings of 'to go out' or 'to bring out.' It is not used in standard biblical Hebrew outside Aramaic passages.

Historical & Contextual Notes

Used exclusively in Aramaic sections of the Hebrew Bible (notably in Daniel and Ezra). Typically refers to ‘going out’ from a place (Daniel 2:13; Ezra 5:12) or the act of emerging. Its causative form denotes ‘bringing out’ or ‘causing to go forth’ (Daniel 4:33). The core sense is parallel to the Hebrew יצא/yatsa’ but is distinctively Aramaic. In later Jewish Aramaic, as well as in other Aramaic dialects, the verb continues to serve as a basic expression for exit, departure, or emergence. English translations usually render this as 'go out,' 'come forth,' or 'bring out,' which generally match the semantic scope, but KJV and others sometimes obscure the distinction between Aramaic נפק and Hebrew יצא. No significant shift in meaning appears between the Persian and Hellenistic periods; the verb remains consistent in function.

Translation Consistency

primary "bring" 5 occurrences

Most occurrences are causative (rendered as “brought”) and the primary SILEX senses include “bring out/lead forth/send out.” ‘Bring’ is a natural, common English verb that best captures the typical usage (causative movement) while remaining usable across inflected forms for consistency.

Alternatives (7 occurrences):
"went out" (2x) "came" (2x) "gone out" (1x) "go out" (1x) "coming out" (1x)

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

(Aramaic) a primitive root; to issue; causatively, to bring out; come (go, take) forth (out).

Bantu Hebrew

No Bantu Hebrew comparisons have been recorded for this word yet.

Root Family

נפק (nᵉphaq) — to go out, to exit, to bring out, to lead forth

Root נפק to go out, to exit, to bring out, to lead forth
Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H5313 נִפְקָא the outgoing expense

Word Forms

9 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
H5312-01 הַנְפֵּק֙ hanepeq AVhp3ms took out he brought out he brought out 4
H5312-02 הַנְפִּ֗קוּ hanepiqu AVhp3mp were taken out they brought out were brought out 1
H5312-03 נָֽפְקִ֗ין nafeqin AVqrmpa came out those going out they went out 1
H5312-04 נְפַ֣ק nefaq AVqp3ms had gone forth he went out had gone out 1
H5312-05 נְפַ֨קָה֙ nefaqah AVqp3fp came forth they went out came forth 1
H5312-06 נֶפְקַ֔ת nefeqat AVqp3fs went-forth she went out went out 1
H5312-07 נפקו nfqv AVqp3mp came forth they went out came forth 1
H5312-08 פֻּ֣קוּ puqu AVqv2mp come out go out go out 1
H5312-09 וְ/נָפֵק֙ venafeq AC/Vqrmsa and coming out and the going-out one and coming out 1

Occurrences in Scripture

12 occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
H5312-06 Daniel 2:13 נֶפְקַ֔ת nefeqat AVqp3fs went-forth she went out went out
H5312-04 Daniel 2:14 נְפַ֣ק nefaq AVqp3ms had gone forth he went out had gone out
H5312-08 Daniel 3:26 פֻּ֣קוּ puqu AVqv2mp come out go out go out
H5312-03 Daniel 3:26 נָֽפְקִ֗ין nafeqin AVqrmpa came out those going out they went out
H5312-01 Daniel 5:2 הַנְפֵּק֙ hanepeq AVhp3ms he-brought-out he brought out he brought out
H5312-02 Daniel 5:3 הַנְפִּ֗קוּ hanepiqu AVhp3mp were taken out they brought out were brought out
H5312-07 Daniel 5:5 נפקו nfqv AVqp3mp came forth they went out came forth
H5312-05 Daniel 5:5 נְפַ֨קָה֙ nefaqah AVqp3fp came forth they went out came forth
H5312-09 Daniel 7:10 וְ/נָפֵק֙ venafeq AC/Vqrmsa and coming out and the going-out one and coming out
H5312-01 Ezra 5:14 הַנְפֵּק֙ hanepeq AVhp3ms had taken out he brought out he brought out
H5312-01 Ezra 5:14 הַנְפֵּ֨ק hanepeq-2 AVhp3ms took out he brought out he brought out
H5312-01 Ezra 6:5 הַנְפֵּ֛ק hanepeq AVhp3ms took out he brought out he brought out
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