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עַד

𐤏𐤃

ʻad

H5704 preposition

SILEX Entry

Definition

A preposition or conjunction indicating extension in space ('as far as,' 'up to,' 'toward'), time ('until,' 'during,' 'as long as'), or degree ('to the degree of,' 'as much as'). It introduces limits, boundaries, or durations—whether spatial, temporal, or quantitative—either inclusively or exclusively depending on context. Often used in temporal clauses to indicate an endpoint, in spatial clauses to set a boundary, or in comparative statements to express extent.

Semantic Range

up to (spatial), as far as (spatial), toward (spatial), until (temporal), during (temporal), as long as (temporal), to the degree of (degree/comparison), as much as (degree), while (temporal), till (temporal), even to (emphatic), as yet (in negative clauses), into (result), against (rare adversative)

Root / Etymology

Root: ע-ד; The root ע-ד ('to perpetuate, go on, pass along') conveys the idea of continuity, duration, or reaching a limit. The preposition עַד derives from this root and functions to mark the extent or boundary in time, space, or quantity. The nominal form עֵד 'witness' is also from this root (though with a different sense, of perpetuity or testimony) but is not semantically connected to this prepositional use.

Historical & Contextual Notes

עַד is one of Biblical Hebrew's key words for expressing limits or continuities, especially of time and space. In temporal contexts ('until'), it frequently appears with prepositions (e.g. עַד־עֵת, 'until [a] time') or in clauses indicating the time span of an action or event. In spatial contexts it designates the extent or direction (e.g. עַד־הַיָּם, 'as far as the sea'). It may be used in positive sense ('up to,' 'until') or in adversative or comparative expressions. Its flexibility accounts for the wide range of English translations, which rarely capture all connotations. In early texts, עַד regularly marks spatial or temporal boundaries (Genesis–Kings), while post-exilic uses (Ezra–Nehemiah, Chronicles) often incorporate Aramaic-influenced structures. The later term עַד can be contrasted with עֵד (witness) and מִן ('from'), which define other types of boundaries. Modern English 'until' often captures only the temporal sense, while other nuances (degree, comparison) are lost in translation.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

properly, the same as עַד (used as a preposition, adverb or conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with); against, and, as, at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as), (hither-) to, [phrase] how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that, till, toward, until, when, while, ([phrase] as) yet.

Bantu Hebrew

No Bantu Hebrew comparisons have been recorded for this word yet.

Root Family

עד (bᵉʻad) — to reach up to, to extend toward, to approach a limit

Root עד to continue, proceed, go on, reach limit
Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H1157 בְּעַד on behalf of her
H5703 עַד up to, until
H5705 עַד up to the limit
H5706 עַד up to the limit
H5708 עֵד menstrual discharges

Word Forms

13 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
H5704-01 עַד ad HR until up to until 1016
H5704-11 וְ/עַד vead HC/R even to and up to and up to 222
H5704-02 עָדַ֖/י aday HR/Sp1cs to me up to me to me 7
H5704-04 עֲדֵי adey HR until up to the limit of until 6
H5704-06 עָ֝דֶ֗י/ךָ adeykha HR/Sp2ms to you up to you to you 3
H5704-07 בַּעֲדֵ֨/נוּ֙ baadenu HR/Sp1cp for us up to us for us 2
H5704-03 עָדָי/ו֙ adayv HR/Sp3ms to-him up to him to him 1
H5704-05 עָ֝דֶ֗י/הָ adeyha HR/Sp3fs to it up to her up to it 1
H5704-08 בַּעֲדֵ֖י/נוּ baadeynu HR/Sp1cp us up to us us 1
H5704-09 בְּ/עֹ֖ד beod HR/D while while still while 1

Occurrences in Scripture

1263 occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
H5704-01 Genesis 35:20 עַד ad HR until up to up to
H5704-01 Genesis 38:1 עַד ad HR to up to up to
H5704-01 Genesis 38:11 עַד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Genesis 38:17 עַ֥ד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Genesis 39:16 עַד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Genesis 41:49 עַ֛ד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Genesis 43:25 עַד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Genesis 44:28 עַד ad HR since up to until
H5704-11 Genesis 46:34 וְ/עַד vead HC/R even until and up to even until
H5704-11 Genesis 47:21 וְ/עַד vead HC/R and to and up to and up to
H5704-01 Genesis 47:26 עַד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Genesis 48:5 עַד ad HR before up to until
H5704-01 Genesis 48:15 עַד ad HR to up to until
H5704-01 Genesis 49:10 עַ֚ד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Genesis 49:26 עַֽד ad HR to up to up to
H5704-01 Genesis 50:10 עַד ad HR to up to up to
H5704-01 Exodus 7:16 עַד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Exodus 9:7 עַד ad HR even up to up to
H5704-11 Exodus 9:18 וְ/עַד vead HC/R until and up to and up to
H5704-11 Exodus 9:25 וְ/עַד vead HC/R and and up to and up to
H5704-01 Exodus 10:3 עַד ad HR How long up to until
H5704-01 Exodus 10:6 עַ֖ד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Exodus 10:7 עַד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Exodus 10:26 עַד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Exodus 11:5 עַ֚ד ad HR to up to up to
H5704-11 Exodus 11:7 וְ/עַד vead HC/R and unto and up to and unto
H5704-01 Exodus 12:6 עַ֣ד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Exodus 12:10 עַד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Exodus 12:10 עַד ad-2 HR until up to until
H5704-11 Exodus 12:12 וְ/עַד vead HC/R and until and up to and up to
H5704-01 Exodus 12:15 עַד ad HR until up to up to
H5704-01 Exodus 12:18 עַ֠ד ad HR until up to up to
H5704-01 Exodus 12:22 עַד ad HR until up to up to
H5704-01 Exodus 12:24 עַד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Exodus 12:29 עַ֚ד ad HR to up to up to
H5704-11 Exodus 13:15 וְ/עַד vead HC/R and to and up to and up to
H5704-01 Exodus 14:13 עַד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Exodus 14:28 עַד ad HR even up to up to
H5704-01 Exodus 15:16 עַד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Exodus 15:16 עַֽד ad-2 HR until up to until
H5704-01 Exodus 16:19 עַד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Exodus 16:20 עַד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Exodus 16:23 עַד ad HR until up to up to
H5704-01 Exodus 16:24 עַד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Exodus 16:28 עַד ad HR How long up to until
H5704-01 Exodus 16:35 עַד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Exodus 16:35 עַד ad-2 HR until up to until
H5704-01 Exodus 17:12 עַד ad HR until up to until
H5704-01 Exodus 18:13 עַד ad HR until up to up to
H5704-01 Exodus 18:14 עַד ad HR until up to up to
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