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עָטַר

𐤏𐤈𐤓

ʻâṭar

H5849 verb

SILEX Entry

Root עטר to surround, to encircle, to wreath

Definition

To surround or encircle, often with the nuance of encompassing either with hostile intent or with protection, but most frequently to bestow distinction or honor by figuratively (and sometimes literally) crowning. The verb denotes actions of encircling, conferring honor or blessing, or, in some cases, surrounding in a hostile manner. It can also refer to being enveloped or overwhelmed, whether by people, favor, or circumstances.

Semantic Range

to encircle, to surround (for attack or protection), to crown (literally or figuratively), to bestow honor or blessing, to compass, to overwhelm

Root / Etymology

Root עטר (ע-ט-ר), meaning 'to surround' or 'to encircle'. The verb form עָטַר derives directly from this root, signifying the act of encircling; the semantic development includes both the physical action and its metaphorical extension to 'encircling with honor' (i.e., crowning).

Historical & Contextual Notes

In the Hebrew Bible, עָטַר appears both in concrete contexts (placing a literal crown or headdress, e.g., on a monarch) and figurative ones (bestowing honor, blessings, or favor, as in the 'crowning' of an individual with goodness or steadfast love, especially in poetic texts). At times, the word is used for hostile surrounding/wrapping (Psalm 5:12; Job 36:13). In wisdom and poetic literature (e.g., Psalms, Proverbs), the metaphor of crowning expresses bestowing of status, favor, or blessing, which may be lost in translation by simply rendering as 'crown'. The later noun עֲטָרָה (‘atarah) develops from the same root and refers specifically to a crown. English 'crown' captures part of the sense but can obscure the broader connotations of being encircled or encompassed, whether for good or ill. In post-biblical usage, the metaphorical sense predominated, especially in liturgical and poetic Hebrew.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

a primitive root; to encircle (for attack or protection); especially to crown (literally or figuratively); compass, crown.

Bantu Hebrew

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Root Family

עטר (ʿ-ṭ-r) — surrounding, encircling, wreathing

Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H5850 עֲטָרָה crowns
H5851 עֲטָרָה Crown-Woman
H5852 עֲטָרוֹת Crowns
H5854 עַטְרוֹת בֵּית יוֹאָב Crowns of Joab’s House
H5855 עַטְרוֹת שׁוֹפָן Encirclements of Shophan

Word Forms

7 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 Occurrences
H5849-04 עֹֽטְרִ֛ים oterim HVqrmpa were surrounding those encircling 1
H5849-02 הַֽ֝/מְעַטְּרֵ֗/כִי hameaterekhi HTd/Vprmsc/Sp2fs who crowns you the one crowning you 1
H5849-01 הַ/מַּֽעֲטִירָ֑ה hamaatirah HTd/Vhrfsa the bestower of crowns the crowning one 1
H5849-07 תְּעַטְּרֵֽ/הוּ teaterehu HVpi2ms/Sp3ms you crown him you encircle him 1
H5849-06 תַּעְטְרֶֽ/נּוּ taeterenu HVqi2ms/Sp3ms you will crown him you will encircle him 1
H5849-03 עִ֭טַּרְתָּ itareta HVpp2ms you have crowned you have encircled with honor 1
H5849-05 שֶׁ/עִטְּרָה sheiterah HTr/Vpp3fs with which she crowned she crowned 1

Occurrences in Scripture

7 total occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1
H5849-04 1 Samuel 23:26 עֹֽטְרִ֛ים oterim HVqrmpa were surrounding those encircling
H5849-01 Isaiah 23:8 הַ/מַּֽעֲטִירָ֑ה hamaatirah HTd/Vhrfsa the bestower of crowns the crowning one
H5849-06 Psalms 5:13 תַּעְטְרֶֽ/נּוּ taeterenu HVqi2ms/Sp3ms you will crown him you will encircle him
H5849-07 Psalms 8:6 תְּעַטְּרֵֽ/הוּ teaterehu HVpi2ms/Sp3ms you crown him you encircle him
H5849-03 Psalms 65:12 עִ֭טַּרְתָּ itareta HVpp2ms you have crowned you have encircled with honor
H5849-02 Psalms 103:4 הַֽ֝/מְעַטְּרֵ֗/כִי hameaterekhi HTd/Vprmsc/Sp2fs who crowns you the one crowning you
H5849-05 Song of Songs 3:11 שֶׁ/עִטְּרָה sheiterah HTr/Vpp3fs with which she crowned she crowned
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