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פַּנַּג

𐤐𐤍𐤂

pannag

H6436 noun

SILEX Entry

Root uncertain uncertain; possibly to bake, to produce food

Definition

A type of edible product, possibly a delicacy or luxury foodstuff traded by the merchants of Israel. The precise nature of 'pannag' is uncertain; ancient translations suggest variously 'cake,' 'millet,' or another kind of food. It refers to a commodity of value, likely consumed as a sweet or aromatic pastry, grain product, or resin, with its exact identification remaining debated.

Semantic Range

pastry, cake, sweet, edible product, aromatic resin; commercial foodstuff; luxury item; unknown edible

Root / Etymology

Etymology uncertain; possible connection to a Hebrew root is debated, and some suggest an imported or loanword origin. No clear derivation found within standard Hebrew triliteral roots. Ancient translations (such as the Septuagint) interpret the term differently, indicating the root and meaning were already obscure by the Hellenistic period.

Historical & Contextual Notes

'Pannag' occurs in Ezekiel 27:17 in the context of trade goods exported by Israelites to Tyre. The term is unique to this context (a hapax legomenon), and thus difficult to interpret definitively. The Talmud suggests it was a kind of sweet or pastry, while the Septuagint renders it as 'ointment' or 'resin.' Modern scholarship often favors an identification with a foodstuff, possibly a cake, sweet, or processed grain. The translation tradition that renders this as 'cake' or 'pastry' is based on contextual clues but remains uncertain. English Bibles generally transliterate the word, reflecting ongoing scholarly uncertainty. The word should not be conflated with any single later food product, as its identification is not fixed.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

of uncertain derivation; probably pastry; Pannag.

Bantu Hebrew

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Root Family

פנג (p-n-g (uncertain)) — uncertain; baked good, delicacy, edible product

Word Forms

1 distinct form

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 Occurrences
H6436-01 וּ/פַנַּ֨ג ufanag HC/Ncmsa and Pannag luxury pastry 1

Occurrences in Scripture

1 total occurrence

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1
H6436-01 Ezekiel 27:17 וּ/פַנַּ֨ג ufanag HC/Ncmsa and Pannag luxury pastry
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