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פָּרַד

𐤐𐤓𐤃

pârad

H6504 verb

SILEX Entry

Root פָּרַד to separate, to divide, to scatter, to part, to disperse

Definition

To separate, part, or divide; used both for the physical act of separating objects or individuals, and for figurative separation, such as social or relational distance. Also denotes the scattering or dispersal of groups, or the breaking up of a unified whole. The verb can reflect both active (to separate, to cause separation) and passive (to be separated, to become scattered) meanings, occurring in various stems to emphasize the nuance of the division or distance created.

Semantic Range

to separate; to become separated; to divide; to part company; to scatter; to disperse; to sever; to be out of joint; to sunder; to stretch apart

Root / Etymology

From the root פ-ר-ד, signifying 'to separate' or 'to divide,' conveying notions of physical or metaphorical separation. The verb derives directly from this root, with forms in Qal, Niphal, and other stems expressing both causative and passive ideas of division or dispersal.

Historical & Contextual Notes

פָּרַד is used across narrative and poetic texts in reference to both literal and metaphorical separation. In genealogical and narrative passages, it often refers to the parting of individuals or groups (e.g., Abraham and Lot, Genesis 13:9, 11, 14). In prophetic and poetic contexts, it is used to describe the scattering of people (as in exile or judgment; cf. Psalm 92:10[9]). The verb can be employed in Qal ('he separated'), Niphal ('he was separated'), Hiphil ('he caused to separate'), and Hitpael ('separated himself'), with slight shifts in emphasis. The root contrasts with others like בדל (badal), which more commonly refers to ritual or categorical separation (distinguishing between holy and common, e.g., Leviticus 10:10), whereas פּרד more often emphasizes spatial, social, or relational parting. Later translations (including the KJV) often render the term with 'separate,' 'divide,' or 'scatter,' but the range includes 'to part company,' 'to wander apart,' and sometimes 'to be in disunity' or 'be disjointed.' The term can refer to both voluntary and involuntary separation, depending on context, and may be neutral or negative in tone. The word persists with related meanings in later Hebrew and Aramaic.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

a primitive root; to break through, i.e. spread or separate (oneself); disperse, divide, be out of joint, part, scatter (abroad), separate (self), sever self, stretch, sunder.

Bantu Hebrew

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Root Family

פרד (p-r-d) — to separate, to divide, to scatter, to disperse

Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H6505 פֶּרֶד the separated hybrid
H6506 פִּרְדָּה the she-mule
H6507 פְּרֻדָה separated grains
H6514 פְּרוּדָא Separated-One

Word Forms

19 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 Occurrences
H6504-04 מַפְרִ֥יד maferid HVhrmsa separates the one causing separation 2
H6504-16 יִפָּרֵ֔ד yipared HVNi3ms is separated he will be separated 2
H6504-14 יַפְרִֽיד yaferid HVhi3ms it separates he will separate 2
H6504-18 יִתְפָּרָֽדוּ yiteparadu HVti3mp are scattered they will separate themselves 2
H6504-08 נִפְרְד֞וּ niferedu HVNp3cp were separated were separated 2
H6504-03 הִפָּ֥רֶד hipared HVNv2ms had separated separate yourself 2
H6504-05 נִפְרָ֣ד niferad HVNrmsa had separated separated one 2
H6504-06 נִפְרָדִים֙ niferadim HVNrmpa separated the separated ones 1
H6504-10 וּ/מְפֹרָד֙ umeforad HC/VPsmsa and separated and being-separated 1
H6504-11 וַ/יַּפְרִ֖דוּ vayaferidu HC/Vhw3mp separated and they caused to separate 1

Occurrences in Scripture

26 total occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1
H6504-16 Genesis 2:10 יִפָּרֵ֔ד yipared HVNi3ms it divided he will be separated
H6504-08 Genesis 10:5 נִפְרְד֞וּ niferedu HVNp3cp were separated were separated
H6504-08 Genesis 10:32 נִפְרְד֧וּ niferedu HVNp3cp were separated were separated
H6504-03 Genesis 13:9 הִפָּ֥רֶד hipared HVNv2ms separate separate yourself
H6504-12 Genesis 13:11 וַ/יִּפָּ֣רְד֔וּ vayiparedu HC/VNw3mp and they separated and they were separated
H6504-03 Genesis 13:14 הִפָּֽרֶד hipared HVNc had separated separate yourself
H6504-17 Genesis 25:23 יִפָּרֵ֑דוּ yiparedu HVNi3mp shall be separated they will be separated
H6504-02 Genesis 30:40 הִפְרִ֣יד hiferid HVhp3ms separated he caused to separate
H6504-01 Deuteronomy 32:8 בְּ/הַפְרִיד֖/וֹ behaferido HR/Vhc/Sp3ms when He separated them in his causing separation
H6504-05 Judges 4:11 נִפְרָ֣ד niferad HVNrmsa had separated separated one
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