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שֹׁד

𐤔𐤃

shôd

H7701 noun

SILEX Entry

Root שׁוּד to act violently, devastate, lay waste

Definition

A state or act of devastation, violent destruction, or ruin caused by hostile forces; also refers to violent oppression or plundering—especially the aftermath or continued state following such actions. In various contexts, שֹׁד emphasizes the devastation or loss that results from predatory human violence, often associated with military incursion or social oppression.

Semantic Range

violence, devastation, ruin, destruction; plundering, oppression, spoiling, the act of being ravaged or laid waste, the condition resulting from violent action

Root / Etymology

Derived from the root שׁוּד (to act violently, devastate, lay waste), the noun שֹׁד builds upon the root's sense of aggressive destruction to denote both the event and the resulting state of violence, devastation, or plunder.

Historical & Contextual Notes

The term שֹׁד appears across several strata of biblical literature, from prophetic writings (Isaiah 59:7, Jeremiah 6:7, Hosea 7:13) to wisdom literature (Job). Initially, its primary use relates to violent devastation in the context of war or invasions, describing what happens when an enemy devastates the land or a city. In later prophetic contexts, it can extend to social and ethical denunciations of internal violence, oppression, or systemic plundering by elites (cf. Amos 3:10). Thus, the term does not only denote the physical act of destruction but also societal injustice. English translations often render it as 'violence,' 'destruction,' or 'devastation,' but sometimes fail to capture its full weight as both the act of predatory violence and its enduring consequences. Related terms include חָמָס (ḥāmās, general violence/injustice) and שָׁדַד (shādad, to devastate/pillage). In Job 5:21, an alternate pointed form שׁוֹד is found, but the sense remains consistent.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

or שׁוֹד; (Job 5:21), from שׁוּד; violence, ravage; desolation, destruction, oppression, robbery, spoil(-ed, -er, -ing), wasting.

Bantu Hebrew

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Root Family

שׁוד (sh-w-d) — act violently, devastate, lay waste

Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H7736 שׁוּד he will devastate

Word Forms

8 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 Occurrences
H7701-05 שֹׁ֔ד shod HNcmsa destruction violent devastation 9
H7701-07 וָ֠/שֹׁד vashod HC/Ncmsa and-destruction and violent devastation 5
H7701-08 וְ/שֹׁ֖ד veshod HC/Ncmsa and destruction and devastation-of 3
H7701-04 מִ/שֹּׁ֔ד mishod HR/Ncmsa from destruction from violent devastation 3
H7701-02 כְּ/שֹׁ֖ד keshod HR/Ncmsa like destruction like devastation 2
H7701-03 לְ/שֹׁ֣ד leshod HR/Ncmsa at destruction to devastation 1
H7701-01 הַ/שֹּׁ֧ד hashod HTd/Ncmsa the desolation the violent devastation 1
H7701-06 וּ/כְ/שֹׁ֖ד ukheshod HC/R/Ncmsa and as destruction and like violent devastation 1

Occurrences in Scripture

25 total occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1
H7701-02 Isaiah 13:6 כְּ/שֹׁ֖ד keshod HR/Ncmsa like destruction like devastation
H7701-05 Isaiah 16:4 שֹׁ֔ד shod HNcmsa destruction violent devastation
H7701-05 Isaiah 22:4 שֹׁ֖ד shod HNcmsc the destruction violent devastation
H7701-01 Isaiah 51:19 הַ/שֹּׁ֧ד hashod HTd/Ncmsa the desolation the violent devastation
H7701-05 Isaiah 59:7 שֹׁ֥ד shod HNcmsa desolation violent devastation
H7701-05 Isaiah 60:18 שֹׁ֥ד shod HNcmsa ruin violent devastation
H7701-07 Jeremiah 6:7 וָ֠/שֹׁד vashod HC/Ncmsa and-destruction and violent devastation
H7701-07 Jeremiah 20:8 וָ/שֹׁ֖ד vashod HC/Ncmsa and destruction and violent devastation
H7701-05 Jeremiah 48:3 שֹׁ֖ד shod HNcmsa devastation violent devastation
H7701-07 Ezekiel 45:9 וָ/שֹׁד֙ vashod HC/Ncmsa and-oppression and violent devastation
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