1 Samuel 19

Saul orders Jonathan and his servants to kill David, but Jonathan warns him; Michal aids David's escape from Saul's messengers by lowering him from a window and using a household image, after which David flees to Samuel at Ramah where YHWH protects him from Saul's prophets.[1][2]

Interlinear Text

Verse 4 וַ/יְדַבֵּ֨ר 𐤅/𐤉𐤃𐤁𐤓 vayedaber And Jonathan spoke And he spoke forth HC/Vpw3ms יְהוֹנָתָ֤ן 𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤍𐤕𐤍 yehonatan Jonathan Yahweh-has-given HNp בְּ/דָוִד֙ 𐤁/𐤃𐤅𐤃 bedavid about David in David (the Beloved) HR/Np ט֔וֹב 𐤈𐤅𐤁 tov good good HAamsa אֶל 𐤀𐤋 el to toward HR שָׁא֖וּל 𐤔𐤀𐤅𐤋 shaul Saul Asked-for One HNp אָבִ֑י/ו 𐤀𐤁𐤉/𐤅 aviv his father his father HNcmsc/Sp3ms וַ/יֹּ֣אמֶר 𐤅/𐤉𐤀𐤌𐤓 vayomer and said and he declared HC/Vqw3ms אֵ֠לָי/ו 𐤀𐤋𐤉/𐤅 elayv to him unto him HR/Sp3ms אַל 𐤀𐤋 al Let not upon, over (down-upon) HTn יֶחֱטָ֨א 𐤉𐤇𐤈𐤀 yecheta sin he misses the mark HVqj3ms הַ/מֶּ֜לֶךְ 𐤄/𐤌𐤋𐤊 hamelekhe the king the king HTd/Ncmsa בְּ/עַבְדּ֣/וֹ 𐤁/𐤏𐤁𐤃/𐤅 beavedo against his servant in his servant HR/Ncmsc/Sp3ms בְ/דָוִ֗ד 𐤁/𐤃𐤅𐤃 vedavid David and David (the Beloved) HR/Np כִּ֣י 𐤊𐤉 ki because for (as reason or ground) HC ל֤וֹא 𐤋𐤅𐤀 lo not not HTn חָטָא֙ 𐤇𐤈𐤀 chata he has sinned he has missed the mark HVqp3ms לָ֔/ךְ 𐤋/𐤊 lakhe against you HR/Sp2fs וְ/כִ֥י 𐤅/𐤊𐤉 vekhi and because and if HC/C מַעֲשָׂ֖י/ו 𐤌𐤏𐤔𐤉/𐤅 maasayv his deeds his doings HNcmpc/Sp3ms טוֹב 𐤈𐤅𐤁 tov-2 good good HAamsa לְ/ךָ֥ 𐤋/𐤊 lekha to you HR/Sp2ms מְאֹֽד 𐤌𐤀𐤃 meod very mightily HD
Verse 5 וַ/יָּשֶׂם֩ 𐤅/𐤉𐤔𐤌 vayasem and he put and he placed HC/Vqw3ms אֶת 𐤀𐤕 et his (definite object-marker) HTo נַפְשׁ֨/וֹ 𐤍𐤐𐤔/𐤅 nafesho life his life-breath HNcbsc/Sp3ms בְ/כַפּ֜/וֹ 𐤁/𐤊𐤐/𐤅 vekhapo in his hand in the hollow of his palm HR/Ncfsc/Sp3ms וַ/יַּ֣ךְ 𐤅/𐤉𐤊 vayakhe and struck and he struck down HC/Vhw3ms אֶת 𐤀𐤕 et-2 the (definite object-marker) HTo הַ/פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י 𐤄/𐤐𐤋𐤔𐤕𐤉 hapelisheti Philistine the Invader-man (Philistine) HTd/Ngmsa וַ/יַּ֨עַשׂ 𐤅/𐤉𐤏𐤔 vayaas and brought about and he made HC/Vqw3ms יְהוָ֜ה 𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤄 yehvah Nyambe (Lozi) YHWH the Being One HNp תְּשׁוּעָ֤ה 𐤕𐤔𐤅𐤏𐤄 teshuah deliverance deliverance HNcfsa גְדוֹלָה֙ 𐤂𐤃𐤅𐤋𐤄 gedolah great great (feminine singular) HAafsa לְ/כָל 𐤋/𐤊𐤋 lekhal for all to all, to the whole, to every HR/Ncmsc יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 𐤉𐤔𐤓𐤀𐤋 yiserael Israel He-Who-Prevails-With-God HNp רָאִ֖יתָ 𐤓𐤀𐤉𐤕 raita you saw you (masculine singular) have seen HVqp2ms וַ/תִּשְׂמָ֑ח 𐤅/𐤕𐤔𐤌𐤇 vatisemach and rejoiced and you (masculine singular) brightened-with-joy / and she brightened-with-joy HC/Vqw2ms וְ/לָ֤/מָּה 𐤅/𐤋/𐤌𐤄 velamah why then and for-what? HC/R/Ti תֶֽחֱטָא֙ 𐤕𐤇𐤈𐤀 techeta will you sin she will miss the mark HVqi2ms בְּ/דָ֣ם 𐤁/𐤃𐤌 bedam in the blood of in blood HR/Ncmsa נָקִ֔י 𐤍𐤒𐤉 naqi innocent a guilt-cleared man HAamsa לְ/הָמִ֥ית 𐤋/𐤄𐤌𐤉𐤕 lehamit by killing to cause to die HR/Vhc אֶת 𐤀𐤕 et-3 the (definite object-marker) HTo דָּוִ֖ד 𐤃𐤅𐤃 david David Beloved-one (David) HNp חִנָּֽם 𐤇𐤍𐤌 chinam without cause for no favor HD
Verse 10 וַ/יְבַקֵּ֨שׁ 𐤅/𐤉𐤁𐤒𐤔 vayevaqesh and sought and he earnestly sought HC/Vpw3ms שָׁא֜וּל 𐤔𐤀𐤅𐤋 shaul Saul Asked-for One HNp לְ/הַכּ֤וֹת 𐤋/𐤄𐤊𐤅𐤕 lehakot to strike to strike down HR/Vhc בַּֽ/חֲנִית֙ 𐤁/𐤇𐤍𐤉𐤕 bachanit with the spear with the pitching-spear HRd/Ncfsa בְּ/דָוִ֣ד 𐤁/𐤃𐤅𐤃 bedavid in David in David (the Beloved) HR/Np וּ/בַ/קִּ֔יר 𐤅/𐤁/𐤒𐤉𐤓 uvaqir and in the wall and in the trench-built wall HC/Rd/Ncmsa וַ/יִּפְטַר֙ 𐤅/𐤉𐤐𐤈𐤓 vayifetar and he slipped away and he burst free HC/Vqw3ms מִ/פְּנֵ֣י 𐤌/𐤐𐤍𐤉 mipeney from the presence of from-the-faces-of HR/Ncbpc שָׁא֔וּל 𐤔𐤀𐤅𐤋 shaul-2 Saul Asked-for One HNp וַ/יַּ֥ךְ 𐤅/𐤉𐤊 vayakhe and he struck and he struck down HC/Vhw3ms אֶֽת 𐤀𐤕 et (direct object marker) (definite object-marker) HTo הַ/חֲנִ֖ית 𐤄/𐤇𐤍𐤉𐤕 hachanit the spear the pitched-spear HTd/Ncfsa בַּ/קִּ֑יר 𐤁/𐤒𐤉𐤓 baqir in the wall in the wall HRd/Ncmsa וְ/דָוִ֛ד 𐤅/𐤃𐤅𐤃 vedavid and David and David (the Beloved) HC/Np נָ֥ס 𐤍𐤎 nas fled he took flight HVqp3ms וַ/יִּמָּלֵ֖ט 𐤅/𐤉𐤌𐤋𐤈 vayimalet and escaped and he slipped away HC/VNw3ms בַּ/לַּ֥יְלָה 𐤁/𐤋𐤉𐤋𐤄 balayelah that night in the night HRd/Ncmsa הֽוּא 𐤄𐤅𐤀 hu he he himself HPp3ms
Verse 11 וַ/יִּשְׁלַח֩ 𐤅/𐤉𐤔𐤋𐤇 vayishelach and sent and he sent forth HC/Vqw3ms שָׁא֨וּל 𐤔𐤀𐤅𐤋 shaul Saul Asked-for One HNp מַלְאָכִ֜ים 𐤌𐤋𐤀𐤊𐤉𐤌 maleakhim messengers deputed messengers HNcmpa אֶל 𐤀𐤋 el to toward HR בֵּ֤ית 𐤁𐤉𐤕 beyt house house HNcmsc דָּוִד֙ 𐤃𐤅𐤃 david of David Beloved-one (David) HNp לְ/שָׁמְר֔/וֹ 𐤋/𐤔𐤌𐤓/𐤅 leshamero to watch him to guard him HR/Vqc/Sp3ms וְ/לַ/הֲמִית֖/וֹ 𐤅/𐤋/𐤄𐤌𐤉𐤕/𐤅 velahamito and to kill him and to cause him to die HC/R/Vhc/Sp3ms בַּ/בֹּ֑קֶר 𐤁/𐤁𐤒𐤓 baboqer in the morning in the dawn-break HRd/Ncmsa וַ/תַּגֵּ֣ד 𐤅/𐤕𐤂𐤃 vataged and told and she made known HC/Vhw3fs לְ/דָוִ֗ד 𐤋/𐤃𐤅𐤃 ledavid David to David (the Beloved One) HR/Np מִיכַ֤ל 𐤌𐤉𐤊𐤋 mikhal Michal Streamlet (feminine proper name) HNp אִשְׁתּ/וֹ֙ 𐤀𐤔𐤕/𐤅 isheto his wife his woman HNcfsc/Sp3ms לֵ/אמֹ֔ר 𐤋/𐤀𐤌𐤓 lemor saying to-say HR/Vqc אִם 𐤀𐤌 im if if HC אֵ֨ינְ/ךָ֜ 𐤀𐤉𐤍/𐤊 eynekha you are not your eye HTn/Sp2ms מְמַלֵּ֤ט 𐤌𐤌𐤋𐤈 memalet saving one who causes escape HVprmsa אֶֽת 𐤀𐤕 et your (definite object-marker) HTo נַפְשְׁ/ךָ֙ 𐤍𐤐𐤔/𐤊 nafeshekha life your life-breath HNcbsc/Sp2ms הַ/לַּ֔יְלָה 𐤄/𐤋𐤉𐤋𐤄 halayelah tonight the light-twisted night HTd/Ncmsa מָחָ֖ר 𐤌𐤇𐤓 machar tomorrow the after-day HNcmsa אַתָּ֥ה 𐤀𐤕𐤄 atah you you (masculine singular) HPp2ms מוּמָֽת 𐤌𐤅𐤌𐤕 mumat will be put to death he shall be caused to die HVHsmsa
Verse 17 וַ/יֹּ֨אמֶר 𐤅/𐤉𐤀𐤌𐤓 vayomer And said and he declared HC/Vqw3ms שָׁא֜וּל 𐤔𐤀𐤅𐤋 shaul Saul Asked-for One HNp אֶל 𐤀𐤋 el to toward HR מִיכַ֗ל 𐤌𐤉𐤊𐤋 mikhal Michal Streamlet (feminine proper name) HNp לָ֤/מָּה 𐤋/𐤌𐤄 lamah Why for-what? HR/Ti כָּ֨כָה֙ 𐤊𐤊𐤄 kakhah thus just-so; in-this-manner HD רִמִּיתִ֔/נִי 𐤓𐤌𐤉𐤕/𐤍𐤉 rimitini have you deceived me you (fem.) have betrayed me HVpp2fs/Sp1cs וַ/תְּשַׁלְּחִ֥י 𐤅/𐤕𐤔𐤋𐤇𐤉 vateshalechi and sent away and you (feminine) sent away HC/Vpw2fs אֶת 𐤀𐤕 et [direct object marker] (definite object-marker) HTo אֹיְבִ֖/י 𐤀𐤉𐤁/𐤉 oyevi my enemy my hostile-one HVqrmsc/Sp1cs וַ/יִּמָּלֵ֑ט 𐤅/𐤉𐤌𐤋𐤈 vayimalet that he escaped and he slipped away HC/VNw3ms וַ/תֹּ֤אמֶר 𐤅/𐤕𐤀𐤌𐤓 vatomer And said and she said HC/Vqw3fs מִיכַל֙ 𐤌𐤉𐤊𐤋 mikhal-2 Michal Streamlet (feminine proper name) HNp אֶל 𐤀𐤋 el-2 to toward HR שָׁא֔וּל 𐤔𐤀𐤅𐤋 shaul-2 Saul Asked-for One HNp הוּא 𐤄𐤅𐤀 hu He he himself HPp3ms אָמַ֥ר 𐤀𐤌𐤓 amar said he has caused-to-say HVqp3ms אֵלַ֛/י 𐤀𐤋/𐤉 elay to me to me HR/Sp1cs שַׁלְּחִ֖/נִי 𐤔𐤋𐤇/𐤍𐤉 shalechini Send me away Send me forth HVpv2fs/Sp1cs לָ/מָ֥ה 𐤋/𐤌𐤄 lamah-2 why for-what? HR/Ti אֲמִיתֵֽ/ךְ 𐤀𐤌𐤉𐤕/𐤊 amitekhe should I kill you I will cause you (fem.) to die HVhi1cs/Sp2fs
Verse 20 וַ/יִּשְׁלַ֨ח 𐤅/𐤉𐤔𐤋𐤇 vayishelach and he sent and he sent forth HC/Vqw3ms שָׁא֣וּל 𐤔𐤀𐤅𐤋 shaul Saul Asked-for One HNp מַלְאָכִים֮ 𐤌𐤋𐤀𐤊𐤉𐤌 maleakhim messengers deputed messengers HNcmpa לָ/קַ֣חַת 𐤋/𐤒𐤇𐤕 laqachat to take to take HR/Vqc אֶת 𐤀𐤕 et [direct object marker] (definite object-marker) HTo דָּוִד֒ 𐤃𐤅𐤃 david David Beloved-one (David) HNp וַ/יַּ֗רְא 𐤅/𐤉𐤓𐤀 vayare and they saw and he saw HC/Vqw3ms אֶֽת 𐤀𐤕 et-2 [direct object marker] (definite object-marker) HTo לַהֲקַ֤ת 𐤋𐤄𐤒𐤕 lahaqat company assembly of HNcfsc הַ/נְּבִיאִים֙ 𐤄/𐤍𐤁𐤉𐤀𐤉𐤌 haneviim the prophets the inspired spokesmen HTd/Ncmpa נִבְּאִ֔ים 𐤍𐤁𐤀𐤉𐤌 nibeim prophesying the ones speaking by inspiration HVNrmpa וּ/שְׁמוּאֵ֕ל 𐤅/𐤔𐤌𐤅𐤀𐤋 ushemuel and Samuel and Heard-of-El HC/Np עֹמֵ֥ד 𐤏𐤌𐤃 omed standing the one standing HVqrmsa נִצָּ֖ב 𐤍𐤑𐤁 nitsav appointed one stationed HVNrmsa עֲלֵי/הֶ֑ם 𐤏𐤋𐤉/𐤄𐤌 aleyhem over them upon them HR/Sp3mp וַ/תְּהִ֞י 𐤅/𐤕𐤄𐤉 vatehi and came and she became HC/Vqw3fs עַֽל 𐤏𐤋 al upon upon (up-over) HR מַלְאֲכֵ֤י 𐤌𐤋𐤀𐤊𐤉 maleakhey messengers of messengers of HNcmpc שָׁאוּל֙ 𐤔𐤀𐤅𐤋 shaul-2 Saul Asked-for One HNp ר֣וּחַ 𐤓𐤅𐤇 rucha Roho (Swahili) Spirit wind-breath HNcbsc אֱלֹהִ֔ים 𐤀𐤋𐤄𐤉𐤌 elohim Mulimu (Lozi) of God mighty powers HNcmpa וַ/יִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּ 𐤅/𐤉𐤕𐤍𐤁𐤀𐤅 vayitenabeu and they prophesied and they acted as prophets HC/Vtw3mp גַּם 𐤂𐤌 gam also also HTa הֵֽמָּה 𐤄𐤌𐤄 hemah they they themselves (masculine plural) HPp3mp
Verse 24 וַ/יִּפְשַׁ֨ט 𐤅/𐤉𐤐𐤔𐤈 vayifeshat and he stripped off and he stripped off HC/Vqw3ms גַּם 𐤂𐤌 gam also also HTa ה֜וּא 𐤄𐤅𐤀 hu he he himself HPp3ms בְּגָדָ֗י/ו 𐤁𐤂𐤃𐤉/𐤅 begadayv his clothes his coverings HNcmpc/Sp3ms וַ/יִּתְנַבֵּ֤א 𐤅/𐤉𐤕𐤍𐤁𐤀 vayitenabe and he prophesied and he acted as a prophet HC/Vtw3ms גַם 𐤂𐤌 gam-2 also also HD הוּא֙ 𐤄𐤅𐤀 hu-2 he he himself HPp3ms לִ/פְנֵ֣י 𐤋/𐤐𐤍𐤉 lifeney before to the faces HR/Ncbpc שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל 𐤔𐤌𐤅𐤀𐤋 shemuel Samuel Heard-of-El HNp וַ/יִּפֹּ֣ל 𐤅/𐤉𐤐𐤋 vayipol and he fell and he fell HC/Vqw3ms עָרֹ֔ם 𐤏𐤓𐤌 arom naked a stripped-bare man HAamsa כָּל 𐤊𐤋 kal all whole-of HNcmsc הַ/יּ֥וֹם 𐤄/𐤉𐤅𐤌 hayom the day the hot-day HTd/Ncmsa הַ/ה֖וּא 𐤄/𐤄𐤅𐤀 hahu that that same one (he) HTd/Pp3ms וְ/כָל 𐤅/𐤊𐤋 vekhal and all and the whole of HC/Ncmsc הַ/לָּ֑יְלָה 𐤄/𐤋𐤉𐤋𐤄 halayelah the night the light-twisted night HTd/Ncmsa עַל 𐤏𐤋 al on upon (up-over) HR כֵּן֙ 𐤊𐤍 ken thus thus, in an established way HTm יֹֽאמְר֔וּ 𐤉𐤀𐤌𐤓𐤅 yomeru they say they cause-to-say HVqi3mp הֲ/גַ֥ם 𐤄/𐤂𐤌 hagam also Is it also so? HTi/D שָׁא֖וּל 𐤔𐤀𐤅𐤋 shaul Saul Asked-for One HNp בַּ/נְּבִיאִֽם 𐤁/𐤍𐤁𐤉𐤀𐤌 baneviim among the prophets among the proclaimers HRd/Ncmpa