וַ/יִּתְאַבֵּ֥ל
𐤅/𐤉𐤕𐤀𐤁𐤋
vayiteabel
And mourned
a primitive root; to bewail; lament, mourn.
2 Samuel 13:37 · Word #11
Lexicon H56
| Lemma | אָבַל |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤀𐤁𐤋 |
| Transliteration | ʼâbal |
| Strong's | H56 |
| In-context | And mourned |
Morphology HC/Vtw3ms
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | V — Verb — An action or state |
| Binyan | t — Hithpael — Intensive reflexive |
| Conjugation | w — Sequential Imperfect — Imperfect with waw-consecutive, narrating past events |
| Person | 3 — 3rd person — Third person ("he/she/they") |
| Gender | m — Masculine — Masculine |
| Number | s — Singular — Singular |
SIBI-P1 H56-16
and he entered into mourning
| Root | אבל (ʾ-b-l) |
| Core Meanings | mourning, lamentation, grieving, bewailing |
| Semantic Range | to mourn for the dead, to lament deeply, to observe rites of mourning, to grieve over calamity or loss |
| Conceptual Significance | Mourning in the Hebrew Bible is both emotional and covenantal, often expressed through visible acts (fasting, sackcloth, ashes). The reflexive form highlights personal participation in grief, reflecting the communal and embodied nature of sorrow in Israelite culture. |
| Morphological Notes | Conjunction waw + Hitpael imperfect 3ms (vav-consecutive form) from אָבַל; reflexive stem indicating the subject himself engages in mourning; masculine singular subject. |
| Rendering Rationale | The verb is Hitpael (reflexive) imperfect with waw-consecutive, third masculine singular, indicating narrative past: "and he..." The Hitpael stem conveys entering into or engaging oneself in mourning, not merely causing grief but personally taking on the state of lamentation. |
AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)
Words from Root אבל (mourning, lamentation, grieving, bewailing)
| SILEX Code | Transliteration | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
H56-01 |
aval | indeed |
H61-01 |
aval | indeed |
H5767-01 |
aval | indeed—but |
Word Usage (39 occurrences of H56)
| Location | Form | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Genesis 37:34 | וַ/יִּתְאַבֵּ֥ל | vayiteabel | mourned |
| Exodus 33:4 | וַ/יִּתְאַבָּ֑לוּ | vayiteabalu | and they mourned |
| Numbers 14:39 | וַ/יִּֽתְאַבְּל֥וּ | vayiteabelu | and mourned |