הַ/שֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ
𐤄/𐤔𐤌𐤔
hashemesh
the sun
from an unused root meaning to be brilliant; the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e. (architectural) a notched battlement; [phrase] east side(-ward), sun (rising), [phrase] west(-ward), window. See also בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ.
Ecclesiastes 9:3 · Word #7
Lexicon H8121
| Lemma | שֶׁמֶשׁ |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤔𐤌𐤔 |
| Transliteration | shemesh |
| Strong's | H8121 |
| In-context | the sun |
Morphology HTd/Ncbsa
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | N — Noun — A person, place, thing, or idea |
| Subtype | c — Common — Common noun |
| Gender | b — Both — Both (masculine and feminine) |
| Number | s — Singular — Singular |
| State | a — Absolute — The noun stands independently |
SIBI-P1 H8121-03
the Brilliant Sun
| Root | שמש (š-m-š) |
| Core Meanings | brilliance, shining, radiance, solar light |
| Semantic Range | the physical sun; sunlight; the direction east (sunrise) or west (sunset); a ray or gleam; architectural term for a window or battlement opening; metaphor for glory or righteousness. |
| Conceptual Significance | The sun in biblical thought signifies created light, governance of day (Genesis 1:16), constancy in covenant imagery, and a metaphor for righteousness and healing (e.g., Malachi 4:2). Its brilliance embodies life, order, and divine provision within creation. |
| Morphological Notes | Noun common gender singular absolute with prefixed definite article (הַ־). Though grammatically common gender, it is singular in form here and functions as a definite noun. |
| Rendering Rationale | The noun שֶׁמֶשׁ derives from a root conveying brilliance or shining. Rendering it as "the Brilliant Sun" preserves the concrete referent (sun) while foregrounding the root idea of radiant brightness. The definite article (הַ) and singular absolute form are reflected in the singular, definite English phrase. |
AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)
Words from Root שמש (brilliance, shining, radiance, solar light)
| SILEX Code | Transliteration | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
H8121-01 |
bashemesh | in the blazing sun |
H8121-02 |
hashamesh | the Brilliant Sun |
H1030-02 |
hashimeshi | the Sun-House man |
Word Usage (134 occurrences of H8121)
| Location | Form | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Genesis 15:12 | הַ/שֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ | hashemesh | the sun |
| Genesis 15:17 | הַ/שֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ | hashemesh | the sun |
| Genesis 19:23 | הַ/שֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ | hashemesh | the sun |