הִשָּׁ֧מֶר
𐤄𐤔𐤌𐤓
hishamer
Beware
a primitive root; properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e. guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc.; beward, be circumspect, take heed (to self), keep(-er, self), mark, look narrowly, observe, preserve, regard, reserve, save (self), sure, (that lay) wait (for), watch(-man).
Exodus 23:21 · Word #1
Lexicon H8104
| Lemma | שָׁמַר |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤔𐤌𐤓 |
| Transliteration | shâmar |
| Strong's | H8104 |
| In-context | Beware |
Morphology HVNv2ms
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | V — Verb — An action or state |
| Binyan | N — Niphal — Simple passive or reflexive |
| Conjugation | v — Imperative — A command |
| Person | 2 — 2nd person — Second person ("you") |
| Gender | m — Masculine — Masculine |
| Number | s — Singular — Singular |
SIBI-P1 H8104-10
Guard yourself!
| Root | שׁמר (sh-m-r) |
| Core Meanings | guarding, watching, hedging about, protecting, preserving, attending carefully |
| Semantic Range | to guard oneself, be on guard, take heed, beware, watch carefully, exercise caution, keep oneself from danger or error |
| Conceptual Significance | This imperative frequently introduces covenantal warnings, urging attentive obedience and moral vigilance. It reflects Israel’s calling to live in conscious watchfulness before YHWH, guarding both conduct and allegiance within the covenant relationship. |
| Morphological Notes | Verb from שׁמר in the Niphal stem; imperative, second person masculine singular. The Niphal gives a reflexive or passive nuance, often functioning as a reflexive command ("be on guard," "take heed"). |
| Rendering Rationale | The form הִשָּׁמֶר is a Niphal imperative, second masculine singular, from שׁמר. The Niphal stem here carries a reflexive sense, calling the addressee (a single male) to place himself under guard or to be on guard. "Guard yourself!" preserves the root idea of protective vigilance while reflecting the masculine singular imperative force. |
AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)
Words from Root שׁמר (guarding, watching, hedging about, protecting, preserving, attending carefully)
| SILEX Code | Transliteration | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
H821-01 |
ashemurot | night guard-watches |
H821-02 |
beashemoret | in the guarding-watch of |
H821-03 |
beashemurot | in the guarding-watches |
Word Usage (469 occurrences of H8104)
| Location | Form | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Genesis 2:15 | וּ/לְ/שָׁמְרָֽ/הּ | uleshamerah | and to keep it |
| Genesis 3:24 | לִ/שְׁמֹ֕ר | lishemor | to guard |
| Genesis 4:9 | הֲ/שֹׁמֵ֥ר | hashomer | keeper |