תַּמֵּ֣ר — Exodus 23:21 Hebrew Word Study

תַּמֵּ֣ר

𐤕𐤌𐤓

tamer

provoke

a primitive root; properly, to trickle (see מַר); but used only as a denominative from מַר; to be (causatively, make) bitter (literally or figuratively); (be, be in, deal, have, make) bitter(-ly, -ness), be moved with choler, (be, have sorely, it) grieved(-eth), provoke, vex.

H4843

Exodus 23:21 · Word #6

Lexicon `H4843`

Lemma	מָרַר
Lemma (Paleo)	𐤌𐤓𐤓
Transliteration	mârar
Strong's	H4843
In-context	provoke

Morphology `HVhj2ms` All morphology codes

Part of Speech	`V` — Verb — An action or state
Binyan	`h` — Hiphil — Causative active
Conjugation	`j` — Jussive — Third-person wish or command
Person	`2` — 2nd person — Second person ("you")
Gender	`m` — Masculine — Masculine
Number	`s` — Singular — Singular

SIBI-P1 `H4843-06`

may you cause bitterness

Root	מרר (m-r-r)
Core Meanings	bitterness, bitter taste, bitterness of soul, grief, provocation
Semantic Range	to make bitter, embitter, provoke, cause grief, stir up anger, deal harshly
Conceptual Significance	Bitterness in the Hebrew Bible often symbolizes deep emotional pain, covenantal rebellion, or provocation against YHWH. The causative form underscores human agency in generating grief or strife, highlighting moral responsibility in relational and covenantal contexts.
Morphological Notes	Hiphil stem (causative), jussive mood, 2nd person masculine singular; expresses a wished-for or directed causative action performed by a single male subject.
Rendering Rationale	The root מרר conveys the idea of bitterness, whether literal or emotional. In the Hiphil stem it takes a causative sense, "to make bitter." The morphology (Hiphil jussive, 2nd masculine singular) is reflected by the rendering "may you cause," expressing a directed or volitional action addressed to one male individual.

AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)

Words from Root מרר (bitterness, bitter taste, bitterness of soul, grief, provocation)

SILEX Code	Transliteration	SIBI-P1
`H4843-01`	amarer	I will embitter
`H4751-01`	bemar	in bitter-ness
`H4785-01`	bemarah	in Bitter-Place
`H4751-02`	hamar	the bitter one
`H4751-03`	hamarim	the bitter ones
`H4848-01`	hamerari	the Bitterite
`H4753-01`	hamor	the bitter-resin
`H4843-02`	hemar	he has embittered
`H4843-03`	kehamer	as causing bitterness
`H4752-01`	kemar	like a distilled drop
`H4751-04`	lemar	for a bitter one
`H4751-05`	lemarey	to bitter ones of
`H4751-06`	lemarim	to bitter ones
`H4847-01`	limerari	to Merari (the Bitter One)
`H4472-01`	mamerorim	bitternesses
`H4753-02`	mar	bitter-resin
`H4751-07`	mar	bitter
`H4843-04`	mar	bitter (masculine singular)
`H4755-01`	mara	Bitter-One (feminine)
`H4843-05`	marah	she was bitter
`H4751-08`	marah	bitter (feminine singular)
`H4785-02`	marah	Bitterness (feminine place-name)
`H4751-09`	marat	bitterness-of
`H4787-01`	marat	bitterness-of
`H4751-10`	marey	bitter ones of
`H4751-11`	marim	bitter ones
`H4796-01`	marot	Maroth (Bitternesses)
`H4847-02`	merari	Bitter One
`H4850-01`	meratayim	Double-Bitterness
`H4845-01`	mererati	my bitter-gall
`H4815-01`	meriri	a bitter one
`H4846-01`	merorat	bitterness of
`H4844-01`	merorim	bitterness-herbs
`H4846-02`	merorot	bitternesses
`H4846-03`	mimerorato	from his bitter-gall
`H4753-03`	mor	bitter-resin
`H4786-01`	morat	bitterness of
`H4753-04`	mori	my bitter-resin
`H8563-01`	tamerurim	bitternesses
`H4751-12`	umarah	and bitter
`H4751-13`	umarey	and bitter ones of
`H4847-03`	umerari	and Bitter-One
`H4844-02`	umerorim	and bitter-herbs
`H4814-01`	uvimerirut	and in bitterness
`H4751-14`	vamar	and bitter
`H4844-03`	vamerorim	with the bitter-herbs
`H4843-07`	vayemararuhu	and they embittered him
`H4843-08`	vayemareru	and they embittered
`H4843-09`	vayitemaremar	and he embittered himself
`H4843-10`	vehamer	and he made-bitter
`H4843-11`	veyitemaremar	and he will embitter himself
`H4843-12`	yemar	he becomes bitter

Word Usage (14 occurrences of H4843)

Location	Form	Transliteration	Meaning
Genesis 49:23	וַֽ/יְמָרֲרֻ֖/הוּ	vayemararuhu	and bitterly attacked him
Exodus 1:14	וַ/יְמָרְר֨וּ	vayemareru	And they made bitter
Exodus 23:21	תַּמֵּ֣ר	tamer	provoke
2 Kings 4:27	מָֽרָה	marah	is bitter
Isaiah 22:4	אֲמָרֵ֣ר	amarer	let me weep bitterly
Isaiah 24:9	יֵמַ֥ר	yemar	is bitter
Isaiah 38:17	מָ֑ר	mar-2	bitter
Zechariah 12:10	וְ/הָמֵ֥ר	vehamer	and bitterness
Zechariah 12:10	כְּ/הָמֵ֥ר	kehamer	as one is bitter
Job 27:2	הֵמַ֥ר	hemar	has made bitter
Ruth 1:13	מַר	mar	bitter
Ruth 1:20	הֵמַ֥ר	hemar	has dealt bitterly
Daniel 8:7	וַ/יִּתְמַרְמַ֤ר	vayitemaremar	and he raged
Daniel 11:11	וְ/יִתְמַרְמַר֙	veyitemaremar	and he will be enraged

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Lexicon H4843

Morphology HVhj2ms All morphology codes

SIBI-P1 H4843-06

Words from Root מרר (bitterness, bitter taste, bitterness of soul, grief, provocation)

Word Usage (14 occurrences of H4843)

Lexicon `H4843`

Morphology `HVhj2ms` All morphology codes

SIBI-P1 `H4843-06`