בַּ/שֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ
𐤁/𐤔𐤌𐤔
bashemesh
by the sun
from an unused root meaning to be brilliant; the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e. (architectural) a notched battlement; [phrase] east side(-ward), sun (rising), [phrase] west(-ward), window. See also בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ.
Isaiah 38:8 · Word #10
Lexicon H8121
| Lemma | שֶׁמֶשׁ |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤔𐤌𐤔 |
| Transliteration | shemesh |
| Strong's | H8121 |
| In-context | by the sun |
Morphology HRd/Ncbsa
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | N — Noun — A person, place, thing, or idea |
| Subtype | c — Common — Common noun |
| Gender | b — Both — Both (masculine and feminine) |
| Number | s — Singular — Singular |
| State | a — Absolute — The noun stands independently |
SIBI-P1 H8121-01
in the blazing sun
| Root | שמש (š-m-š) |
| Core Meanings | brilliance, radiance, shining, solar light |
| Semantic Range | the physical sun, sunlight, east (direction of sunrise), west (by sunset context), a ray of light, architectural battlement, window |
| Conceptual Significance | The sun functions as a primary marker of time, seasons, and direction in biblical thought, and symbolizes exposure, judgment, blessing, and the sustaining brilliance of creation under YHWH’s sovereignty. |
| Morphological Notes | Preposition בְּ with assimilated definite article (בַּ) + noun common singular absolute שֶׁמֶשׁ; grammatically singular, commonly treated as feminine in Hebrew. |
| Rendering Rationale | The noun שֶׁמֶשׁ denotes the radiant, brilliant celestial body, reflecting the root idea of shining brilliance. The form בַּשֶּׁמֶשׁ combines the preposition בְּ ("in/at") with the definite article, yielding "in the sun," and the singular absolute noun is preserved by the singular English "sun," with "blazing" expressing the root sense of radiance. |
AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)
Words from Root שמש (brilliance, radiance, shining, solar light)
| SILEX Code | Transliteration | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
H8121-02 |
hashamesh | the Brilliant Sun |
H8121-03 |
hashemesh | the Brilliant Sun |
H1030-02 |
hashimeshi | the Sun-House man |
Word Usage (134 occurrences of H8121)
| Location | Form | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Genesis 15:12 | הַ/שֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ | hashemesh | the sun |
| Genesis 15:17 | הַ/שֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ | hashemesh | the sun |
| Genesis 19:23 | הַ/שֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ | hashemesh | the sun |