וַ/יִּשְׁתּוֹמֵ֖ם
𐤅/𐤉𐤔𐤕𐤅𐤌𐤌
shâmêm
and was astonished
To be or become desolate, deserted, or devastated; to experience devastation or horror, to be appalled or stunned, often as a result of witnessing or experiencing catastrophic ruin. The term can describe both literal destruction of places and figurative states of astonishment or horror from calamity. Usage typically reflects passive experience but can also denote actively bringing ruin upon something.
Isaiah 59:16 · Word #5
Lexicon H8074
| Lemma | שָׁמֵם |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤔𐤌𐤌 |
| Transliteration | shâmêm |
| Strong's | H8074 |
| Definition | To be or become desolate, deserted, or devastated; to experience devastation or horror, to be appalled or stunned, often as a result of witnessing or experiencing catastrophic ruin. The term can describe both literal destruction of places and figurative states of astonishment or horror from calamity. Usage typically reflects passive experience but can also denote actively bringing ruin upon something. |
Morphology HC/Vrw3ms
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | V — Verb — An action or state |
| Binyan | r — Hithpolel — Variant intensive reflexive |
| Conjugation | w — Sequential Imperfect — Imperfect with waw-consecutive, narrating past events |
| Person | 3 — 3rd person — Third person ("he/she/they") |
| Gender | m — Masculine — Masculine |
| Number | s — Singular — Singular |
Common Translation
| Phrase | and was astonished |
SIBI-P1 Translation H8074-34
and he became appalled
| Morphological Notes | Verb, Hithpolel (reflexive/intensive), sequential imperfect (waw-consecutive), 3rd person masculine singular. |
| Rendering Rationale | The root שׁ־מ־ם conveys desolation and stunned devastation. The Hithpolel stem adds a reflexive/intensive nuance, and the sequential imperfect 3ms indicates past narrative action, hence "and he became appalled" reflecting a reflexive entry into a state of stunned desolation. |
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