βεβρωκόσιν
bebrokosin
had eaten
a reduplicated and prolonged form of an obsolete primary verb (perhaps causative of βόσκω); to eat:--eat.
John 6:13 · Word #17
Lexicon G977
| Lemma | βιβρώσκω |
| Transliteration | bibrṓskō |
| Strong's | G977 |
| In-context | had eaten |
| Literal | having-eaten |
Morphology V PRF ACT PTCP DAT M PL
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | V — Verb — An action or state of being |
| Tense | PRF — Perfect — Completed action with ongoing results |
| Voice | ACT — Active — The subject performs the action |
| Mood | PTCP — Participle — A verbal adjective |
| Case | DAT — Dative — Indirect object, means, or location |
| Gender | M — Masculine — Grammatical masculine |
| Number | PL — Plural — More than one |
Lexical Info
| Lemma | βιβρώσκω |
| Strong's | G977 |
SIBI-P1 G977-01
to the having-eaten ones (masculine plural)
| Root | βιβρώσκω (bibrōskō) |
| Core Meanings | to eat, consume, devour |
| Semantic Range | to eat food, to consume a meal, to devour, to consume metaphorically (e.g., resources, flesh, or substance) |
| Conceptual Significance | In biblical usage, eating often signifies participation, sustenance, covenant fellowship, or even judgment (as in devouring). The perfect participle can emphasize those marked by having partaken, highlighting completed participation with ongoing effect. |
| Morphological Notes | Gr,V,PEA,DMP — Verb; Perfect tense (completed action with present result); Active voice; Participle; Dative case; Masculine; Plural. The reduplicated perfect stem (βεβρωκ-) marks completed consumption with continuing relevance. |
| Rendering Rationale | The verb βιβρώσκω means "to eat" or "to consume." The form βεβρωκόσιν is a perfect active participle in the dative masculine plural, indicating those who have completed the act of eating and now stand in that state; rendering it "to the having-eaten ones" preserves both the completed-with-present-result force of the perfect tense and the dative masculine plural form. |
AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)
Word Usage
| Location | Form | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| John 6:13 | βεβρωκόσιν | bebrokosin | had eaten |