μισοῦντες

miséō

hating

To feel animosity toward, to regard with aversion or act in opposition to; the primary meaning is to hate or detest. In extended usage, especially in Semitic-influenced contexts such as the Septuagint and New Testament, it can mean 'to love less' or 'to prefer less strongly,' often in contrast to the verb ἀγαπάω (to love). This secondary sense arises in comparative statements to express priority rather than emotional hostility.

G3404

Jude 1:23 · Word #12

Lexicon G3404

Lemmaμισέω
Transliterationmiséō
Strong'sG3404
DefinitionTo feel animosity toward, to regard with aversion or act in opposition to; the primary meaning is to hate or detest. In extended usage, especially in Semitic-influenced contexts such as the Septuagint and New Testament, it can mean 'to love less' or 'to prefer less strongly,' often in contrast to the verb ἀγαπάω (to love). This secondary sense arises in comparative statements to express priority rather than emotional hostility.

Morphology V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M PL All morphology codes

Part of Speech V — Verb — An action or state of being
Tense PRS — Present — Ongoing or repeated action
Voice ACT — Active — The subject performs the action
Mood PTCP — Participle — A verbal adjective
Case NOM — Nominative — The subject of the sentence
Gender M — Masculine — Grammatical masculine
Number PL — Plural — More than one

Common Translation

Phrasehating
Literalhating

Lexical Info

Lemmaμισέω
Strong'sG3404

SIBI-P1 Translation G3404-21

those hating

Morphological NotesVerb, present active participle, nominative masculine plural (Gr,V,PPA,NMP); denotes ongoing action, functioning substantivally as a plural subject.
Rendering RationaleThe present active participle nominative masculine plural denotes people characterized by ongoing action; "those hating" preserves both the active, continuous sense and the masculine plural nominative form. It reflects the core meaning of animosity or hostility inherent in μισέω.

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