ἐχθρῶν
echthron
enemies
from a primary (to hate); hateful (passively, odious, or actively, hostile); usually as a noun, an adversary (especially Satan):--enemy, foe.
Luke 1:74 · Word #4
Lexicon G2190
| Lemma | ἐχθρός |
| Transliteration | echthrós |
| Strong's | G2190 |
| In-context | enemies |
| Literal | enemies |
Morphology ADJ.S GEN M PL
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | ADJ.S — Substantive Adjective — An adjective functioning as a noun |
| Case | GEN — Genitive — Possession, source, or separation |
| Gender | M — Masculine — Grammatical masculine |
| Number | PL — Plural — More than one |
Lexical Info
| Lemma | ἐχθρός |
| Strong's | G2190 |
SIBI-P1 G2190-03
a hostile-one (accusative masculine singular) / of hostile-ones (genitive masculine plural)
| Root | ἐχθρός (echthros) |
| Core Meanings | hated one, hostile one, adversary, enemy, one at enmity |
| Semantic Range | enemy, foe, adversary, one who is hostile, one who is hated, opponent (human or spiritual, including Satan) |
| Conceptual Significance | In biblical usage, ἐχθρός describes both personal and covenantal opposition—human adversaries, persecutors, and the ultimate adversary (Satan). It frames theological themes of enmity between righteousness and wickedness, as well as the radical command to love one’s enemies. |
| Morphological Notes | Adjective used substantively. Forms attested: accusative masculine singular (AMS) and genitive masculine plural (GMP). The accusative marks the direct object; the genitive plural indicates possession, source, or relation. Masculine gender, singular and plural numbers respectively. |
| Rendering Rationale | The rendering "hostile-one" preserves the adjectival root sense of ἐχθρός (hated or hostile) while reflecting its common substantival use as "enemy." The accusative masculine singular form denotes a single male adversary as a direct object, while the genitive masculine plural expresses possession or association, "of hostile-ones." |
AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)
Words from Root ἐχθρός (hated one, hostile one, adversary, enemy, one at enmity)
| SILEX Code | Transliteration | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
G2190-01 |
echthre | O hostile one |
G2190-02 |
echthroi | the hostile ones |
G2190-04 |
echthros | the hostile one |
Word Usage (32 occurrences of G2190)
| Location | Form | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 5:43 | ἐχθρόν | echthron | |
| Matthew 5:44 | ἐχθροὺς | echthrous | |
| Matthew 10:36 | ἐχθροὶ | echthroi |