πνεῦμα
pneuma
spirit
from πνέω; a current of air, i.e. breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e. (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital principle, mental disposition, etc., or (superhuman) an angel, demon, or (divine) God, Christ's spirit, the Holy Spirit:--ghost, life, spirit(-ual, -ually), mind. Compare ψυχή.
Mark 5:8 · Word #6
Lexicon G4151
| Lemma | πνεῦμα |
| Transliteration | pneûma |
| Strong's | G4151 |
| In-context | spirit |
| Literal | spirit |
Morphology N VOC N SG
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | N — Noun — A person, place, thing, or idea |
| Case | VOC — Vocative — Direct address |
| Gender | N — Neuter — Grammatical neuter |
| Number | SG — Singular — One |
Lexical Info
| Lemma | πνεῦμα |
| Strong's | G4151 |
SIBI-P1 G4151-01
the breath-wind Spirit (neuter singular)
| Root | πνεῦμα (pneuma) |
| Core Meanings | breath, wind, moving air, spirit, life-breath, inner disposition |
| Semantic Range | physical wind or breeze; breath of life; animating life-principle; human inner spirit or disposition; impure or demonic spirit; the divine Spirit of God; the risen Messiah’s Spirit. |
| Conceptual Significance | πνεῦμα bridges the physical and invisible realms, linking breath and wind with life and divine activity. In biblical theology it expresses God’s animating presence, prophetic inspiration, inner renewal, and the personal agency of the Holy Spirit, while also describing the human inner life and spiritual beings. |
| Morphological Notes | Noun, neuter, singular; forms attested here include nominative neuter singular (NNS) and accusative neuter singular (ANS). In Greek, nominative and accusative neuter singular share the same form πνεῦμα. |
| Rendering Rationale | The rendering "breath-wind Spirit" preserves the concrete root sense of moving air (from πνέω, "to blow/breathe") while allowing for its extended meaning of personal or divine Spirit. The nominative/accusative neuter singular form is reflected by the singular "Spirit" and the neutral descriptive construction, matching the Greek neuter singular morphology. |
AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)
Words from Root πνεῦμα (breath, wind, moving air, spirit, life-breath, inner disposition)
| SILEX Code | Transliteration | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
G4151-02 |
pneumasi | to the breath-spirits |
G4151-03 |
pneumasin | to the breath-spirits |
G4151-04 |
pneumata | breath-spirits |
Word Usage (379 occurrences of G4151)
| Location | Form | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 1:18 | Πνεύματος | pneumatos | Spirit |
| Matthew 1:20 | Πνεύματός | pneumatos | Spirit |
| Matthew 3:11 | Πνεύματι | pneumati |