συσταυρόω (G4957) — Greek Lexicon

συσταυρόω

systauróō

G4957 verb

SILEX Entry

Definition

To be crucified together with, or in association with another; to undergo crucifixion at the same time and in the same manner as someone else. In context, emphasizes participation in the same experience of crucifixion, either literally (suffering crucifixion alongside another) or, metaphorically, identifying with another in suffering or self-denial. The word can function in historical narratives for literal joint execution, and also in metaphorical or participatory contexts, particularly in epistolary writing, to signify symbolic union with another's death or fate.

Semantic Range

to be crucified together with (literally, of two or more people), to experience crucifixion in association with another, to participate in someone else's crucifixion (metaphorically), to identify with another through co-crucifixion (figurative)

Root / Etymology

Compound of σύν (with, together with) and σταυρόω (to crucify, fasten to a stake). Thus, literally 'to crucify together with.'

Historical & Contextual Notes

In classical Greek, neither συσταυρόω nor its components were applied to crucifixion, as crucifixion itself became more prevalent under Persian and then Greco-Roman practices. In the Koine period and especially in early Christian writings, συσταυρόω is attested mainly in the context of narratives or statements describing more than one person being crucified at the same time. In the Gospels and Acts, it most often refers to others being executed alongside Jesus. In Pauline letters (notably Galatians 2:20; Romans 6), the metaphorical sense emerges, denoting union with the crucified Christ—that is, sharing in Christ's death as an act of radical identification; this sense gained prominence in Christian usage. Ancient translation traditions, including the Vulgate and English 'crucify with,' may obscure the participatory or symbolic dimensions.

Translation Consistency

primary "crucify" 0 occurrences

Crucify is the natural, widely used verb that covers both the literal and figurative senses (e.g. ‘crucified with Christ’). It can be inflected or put in passive/periphrastic forms to express joint or shared crucifixion without resorting to awkward coinages like “co-crucify,” ensuring consistent, clear rendering across all forms of G4957.

Alternatives (5 occurrences):

"crucified together with" (2x) "ones having been co-crucified" (1x) "having been crucified together with" (1x) "co-crucified one" (1x)

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

from σύν and σταυρόω; to impale in company with (literally or figuratively):--crucify with.

Root Family

συσταυρόω (systauroō) — to crucify together with, to fasten to an upright with, to participate in co-crucifixion

Root σταυρ- to fasten to an upright, to crucify

Word Forms

5 distinct forms

SIDANCE	Surface	Transliteration	Morphology	Common	SIBI-P1	SIBI-P2	Occurrences
`G4957-02`	συνεσταυρωμένοι	sunestauromenoi	`V PRF PASS PTCP NOM M PL`	who were crucified	having been crucified together with	having been crucified together with	1
`G4957-04`	συνσταυρωθέντες	sunstaurothentes	`V AOR PASS PTCP NOM M PL`	had been crucified	having been co-crucified	ones having been co-crucified	1
`G4957-05`	συνσταυρωθέντος	sunstaurothentos	`V AOR PASS PTCP GEN M SG`	having-been-crucified	of having been co-crucified	co-crucified one	1
`G4957-03`	συνεσταυρώθη	sunestaurothe	`V AOR PASS IND 3P SG`	was crucified	was crucified together with	was crucified together with	1
`G4957-01`	συνεσταύρωμαι	sunestauromai	`V PRF PASS IND 1P SG`	have been crucified	I have been crucified together with	I have been crucified together with	1

Occurrences in Scripture

5 occurrences

Filter by SIDANCE:

SIDANCE	Reference	Word	Transliteration	Morphology	Common	SIBI-P1	SIBI-P2
`G4957-04`	Matthew 27:44	συνσταυρωθέντες	sunstaurothentes	`V AOR PASS PTCP NOM M PL`	had been crucified	having been co-crucified	ones having been co-crucified
`G4957-02`	Mark 15:32	συνεσταυρωμένοι	sunestauromenoi	`V PRF PASS PTCP NOM M PL`	who were crucified	having been crucified together with	having been crucified together with
`G4957-05`	John 19:32	συνσταυρωθέντος	sunstaurothentos	`V AOR PASS PTCP GEN M SG`	having-been-crucified	of having been co-crucified	co-crucified one
`G4957-03`	Romans 6:6	συνεσταυρώθη	sunestaurothe	`V AOR PASS IND 3P SG`	was crucified	was crucified together with	was crucified together with
`G4957-01`	Galatians 2:19	συνεσταύρωμαι	sunestauromai	`V PRF PASS IND 1P SG`	have been crucified	I have been crucified together with	I have been crucified together with

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