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τραῦμα

traûma

G5134 noun

SILEX Entry

Definition

An external physical injury, specifically a wound or lesion resulting from violence or impact; in broader contexts, a hurt or damage to bodily tissue. Used more generally for any serious physical harm or open injury.

Semantic Range

wound, physical injury, lesion, trauma, hurt, damage (to body); rarely, metaphorical injury (in later or non-biblical Greek)

Root / Etymology

Derived from the root τραυ-, itself of uncertain origin, but possibly related to θραύω (to break), τρίβος (track, wear), or τρίζω (to gnash), all of which convey concepts of breaking, crushing, or damage.

Historical & Contextual Notes

In classical Greek, τραῦμα primarily denotes a physical, visible wound or injury caused by a weapon, fall, or other physical assault. The term is used in medical writers (such as Hippocrates) for lesions, wounds, or trauma requiring treatment. In the Hellenistic and Koine periods, it retains its concrete sense, but can also be used metaphorically in rare cases for emotional or psychological harm, though this is more common in later Greek. In the New Testament, τραῦμα appears solely in the literal, physical sense of a wound, as in Luke 10:34 (parable of the Good Samaritan), indicating an injury requiring care. In most instances in the Septuagint, Hebrew words for wound (such as חַבּוּרָה or מַכָּה) are rendered with τραῦμα, preserving the meaning of an open or severe bodily injury. Standard English Bibles translate it “wound,” which accurately captures its sense in both biblical and contemporary contexts. It should not be confused with πληγή (plēgē), which has a broader range, including stroke or blow, and does not always denote an open injury.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

from the base of (to wound; akin to the base of θραύω, τρίβος, τρίζω, etc.); a wound:--wound.

Root Family

τραῦμα (trauma) — wound, physical injury, bodily damage, lesion

Root τραυ- to injure, to wound, to damage bodily

Word Forms

1 distinct form

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
G5134-01 τραύματα traumata N ACC N PL wounds bodily wounds wounds 1

Occurrences in Scripture

1 occurrence

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
G5134-01 Luke 10:34 τραύματα traumata N ACC N PL wounds bodily wounds wounds
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