אָדוֹן

𐤀𐤃𐤅𐤍

ʼâdôwn

H113 noun

SILEX Entry

Definition

Principal meaning: lord, master; denotes one who holds authority, power, or ownership, either in social, domestic, or political spheres. Used for individuals exercising authority, including heads of households, landowners, high-ranking officials, or sovereigns. In extended religious usage, also refers to a deity, especially as a title for the God of Israel. The shortened form (אָדֹן) appears primarily in poetry or emphatic speech. In addition to human usage, ʼâdôwn serves as a respectful title to address someone of higher status, often rendering both secular and sacred connotations depending on the context.

Semantic Range

lord, master, sovereign, owner, ruler, superior, person of authority or high status, formal address for a person of rank; title for God (particularly in plural of majesty form), respectful address for humans

Root / Etymology

From the triliteral root אדן (ʾ-d-n), core meaning 'to be lord, rule, exercise authority.' Lexical form ʼâdôwn is a noun derived from this root, though the verbal form does not survive in Biblical Hebrew. The root is widely attested in Northwest Semitic languages, where related forms also denote authority or lordship. The unused root is reconstructed based on comparative Semitic evidence (see Ugaritic adn: 'lord').

Historical & Contextual Notes

In the patriarchal and monarchy periods, אָדוֹן designates individuals of high status or social power—ranging from a tribal chief, landowner, to a king. For example, Abraham is addressed as 'lord' (Gen 23:6) in local Hittite negotiations, and kings are often called 'my lord' (2 Sam 19:27). Among Israelites, it serves as a term of respect or formal address rather than indicating divinity. With reference to deities, particularly the God of Israel, the plural form אֲדֹנָי ('Adonai') emerges as a reverential circumlocution during the later monarchic and post-exilic periods. This plural of majesty does not indicate actual plurality but is a form of honorific address. In English Bible translations, 'lord' often fails to distinguish between secular, religious, and divine connotations present in Hebrew usage; for example, 'lord' is used in both human and divine contexts, which may obscure the underlying distinctions. Related terms include בַּעַל (baʿal, 'owner' or 'lord'), which emphasizes possession or control (often with a more specific or limited domain), while אָדוֹן emphasizes authority and status, especially in interpersonal and vertical relationships. In later Jewish and Christian traditions, the use of 'Lord' as a substitute for YHWH further blurs the original boundaries of usage.

Translation Consistency

primary "lord" 48 occurrences

Most natural and most frequent English rendering in the corpus; covers human superiors, masters, rulers and the title used for God. It preserves the respectful/formal address sense of אָדוֹן and allows contextual capitalization for divine references while keeping a single, consistent base word.

Alternatives (2 occurrences):
"master" (2x)

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

or (shortened) אָדֹן; from an unused root (meaning to rule); sovereign, i.e. controller (human or divine); lord, master, owner. Compare also names beginning with 'Adoni-'.

Bantu Hebrew

No Bantu Hebrew comparisons have been recorded for this word yet.

Root Family

אדן (Adon) — to be lord, to exercise authority, to rule, to be master

Root אדן to be lord, to exercise authority, to rule, to be master
Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H114 אַדּוֹן lord of
H134 אֶדֶן his support-bases
H135 אַדָּן Addan (Firm-Foundation)
H136 אֲדֹנָי lord
H138 אֲדֹנִיָּה My Lord is Yah

Word Forms

31 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
H113-12 אֲדֹנִ֣/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my lord my lord my lord 161
H113-04 אֲדֹנָ֥י/ו adonayv HNcmpc/Sp3ms his master his lords his Sovereign Lord 37
H113-25 לַ/אדֹנִ֖/י ladoni HR/Ncmsc/Sp1cs to my lord to my lord to my lord 24
H113-09 אֲדֹנֶ֖י/ךָ adoneykha HNcmpc/Sp2ms your master your lords your lords 19
H113-10 אֲדֹנֵי/כֶ֔ם adoneykhem HNcmpc/Sp2mp your master your lords your lords 11
H113-08 אֲדֹ֣נֵי/הֶ֔ם adoneyhem HNcmpc/Sp3mp their lord their masters their lords 9
H113-01 אָד֖וֹן adon HNcmsa lord master of lord of 8
H113-16 הָ/אָדֹ֥ן haadon HTd/Ncmsa YHWH the lord the lord 8
H113-11 אֲדֹנֵ֥י/נוּ adoneynu HNcmpc/Sp1cp our Lord our lords our Sovereign Lord 7
H113-31 וַ/אדֹנִ֨/י vadoni HC/Ncmsc/Sp1cs and my lord and my lord and my lord 6

Occurrences in Scripture

329 occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
H113-02 Genesis 18:3 אֲדֹנָ֗/י adonay HNcmpc/Sp1cs My lord my lords my lord
H113-31 Genesis 18:12 וַֽ/אדֹנִ֖/י vadoni HC/Ncmsc/Sp1cs my lord and my lord and my lord
H113-02 Genesis 19:2 אֲדֹנַ֗/י adonay HNcmpc/Sp1cs my lords my lords my lords
H113-12 Genesis 23:6 אֲדֹנִ֗/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my lord my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 23:11 אֲדֹנִ֣/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my lord my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 23:15 אֲדֹנִ֣/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my lord my lord my lord
H113-04 Genesis 24:9 אֲדֹנָ֑י/ו adonayv HNcmpc/Sp3ms his master his lords his Sovereign Lord
H113-04 Genesis 24:10 אֲדֹנָי/ו֙ adonayv HNcmpc/Sp3ms his master his lords his Sovereign Lord
H113-04 Genesis 24:10 אֲדֹנָ֖י/ו adonayv-2 HNcmpc/Sp3ms of his master his lords his Sovereign Lord
H113-12 Genesis 24:12 אֲדֹנִ֣/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs of my master my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 24:12 אֲדֹנִ֥/י adoni-2 HNcmsc/Sp1cs my master my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 24:14 אֲדֹנִֽ/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my master my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 24:18 אֲדֹנִ֑/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my lord my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 24:27 אֲדֹנִ֣/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my master my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 24:27 אֲדֹנִ֑/י adoni-2 HNcmsc/Sp1cs my master my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 24:27 אֲדֹנִֽ/י adoni-3 HNcmsc/Sp1cs of my master my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 24:35 אֲדֹנִ֛/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my master my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 24:36 אֲדֹנִ֥/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my master my lord my lord
H113-25 Genesis 24:36 לַֽ/אדֹנִ֔/י ladoni HR/Ncmsc/Sp1cs to my master to my lord to my lord
H113-12 Genesis 24:37 אֲדֹנִ֖/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my master my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 24:39 אֲדֹנִ֑/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my master my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 24:42 אֲדֹנִ֣/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs of my master my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 24:44 אֲדֹנִֽ/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs of my master my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 24:48 אֲדֹנִ֣/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs of my master my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 24:48 אֲדֹנִ֖/י adoni-2 HNcmsc/Sp1cs my master my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 24:49 אֲדֹנִ֖/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my master my lord my lord
H113-09 Genesis 24:51 אֲדֹנֶ֔י/ךָ adoneykha HNcmpc/Sp2ms of your master your lords of your master
H113-25 Genesis 24:54 לַֽ/אדֹנִֽ/י ladoni HR/Ncmsc/Sp1cs to my master to my lord to my lord
H113-25 Genesis 24:56 לַֽ/אדֹנִֽ/י ladoni HR/Ncmsc/Sp1cs to my master to my lord to my lord
H113-12 Genesis 24:65 אֲדֹנִ֑/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my master my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 31:35 אֲדֹנִ֔/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my lord my lord my lord
H113-25 Genesis 32:5 לַֽ/אדֹנִ֖/י ladoni HR/Ncmsc/Sp1cs to my lord to my lord to my lord
H113-25 Genesis 32:6 לַֽ/אדֹנִ֔/י ladoni HR/Ncmsc/Sp1cs to my lord to my lord to my lord
H113-25 Genesis 32:19 לַֽ/אדֹנִ֖/י ladoni HR/Ncmsc/Sp1cs to my lord to my lord to my lord
H113-12 Genesis 33:8 אֲדֹנִֽ/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my lord my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 33:13 אֲדֹנִ֤/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my lord my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 33:14 אֲדֹנִ֖/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my lord my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 33:14 אֲדֹנִ֖/י adoni-2 HNcmsc/Sp1cs my lord my lord my lord
H113-12 Genesis 33:15 אֲדֹנִֽ/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my lord my lord my lord
H113-04 Genesis 39:2 אֲדֹנָ֖י/ו adonayv HNcmpc/Sp3ms of his master his lords his Sovereign Lord
H113-04 Genesis 39:3 אֲדֹנָ֔י/ו adonayv HNcmpc/Sp3ms his master his lords his Sovereign Lord
H113-04 Genesis 39:7 אֲדֹנָ֛י/ו adonayv HNcmpc/Sp3ms of his master his lords his Sovereign Lord
H113-04 Genesis 39:8 אֲדֹנָ֔י/ו adonayv HNcmpc/Sp3ms his master his lords his Sovereign Lord
H113-12 Genesis 39:8 אֲדֹנִ֔/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my master my lord my lord
H113-04 Genesis 39:16 אֲדֹנָ֖י/ו adonayv HNcmpc/Sp3ms his master his lords his Sovereign Lord
H113-04 Genesis 39:19 אֲדֹנָ֜י/ו adonayv HNcmpc/Sp3ms his master his lords his Sovereign Lord
H113-06 Genesis 39:20 אֲדֹנֵ֨י adoney HNcmpc master lords of his master
H113-21 Genesis 40:1 לַ/אֲדֹנֵי/הֶ֖ם laadoneyhem HR/Ncmpc/Sp3mp their lord to their lords to their lords
H113-04 Genesis 40:7 אֲדֹנָ֖י/ו adonayv HNcmpc/Sp3ms of his master his lords his Sovereign Lord
H113-12 Genesis 42:10 אֲדֹנִ֑/י adoni HNcmsc/Sp1cs my lord my lord my lord