אוֹר

𐤀𐤅𐤓

ʼôwr

H215 verb

SILEX Entry

Definition

To shine or emit light, whether literal (as in the shining of the sun, moon, or fire) or metaphorical (as in bringing clarity, guidance, or well-being). The verb encompasses both the act of emitting light and causing something or someone to be illuminated or enlightened. In causative (Hiphil) stems, it indicates making something light or bright, causing to shine, or enlightening (intellectually or morally).

Semantic Range

to shine, to emit light, to be illuminated, to give light or brightness, to enlighten (mentally or spiritually), to make something or someone shine, to bring to light, to clarify or reveal

Root / Etymology

From the root אוֹר (ʼ-w-r), carrying the fundamental sense of light or brightness. This verbal root primarily expresses the notion of shining or causing to shine, which forms the basis for forms meaning 'light' (noun) and 'to be/act light, to illuminate' (verb).

Historical & Contextual Notes

אוֹר is attested in both literal and figurative senses throughout the Hebrew Bible. In the physical sense, it refers to sunlight (Gen 1:15), moonlight, or firelight. Metaphorically, its use extends to themes such as salvation, favor, vitality, and divine revelation (e.g., Ps 18:29; Isa 60:1). The Hiphil (causative) form can mean to enlighten, teach, or make evident, appearing in contexts of instruction or wisdom literature (Ps 119:130). The root is also related to the noun אוֹר ('light'), further emphasizing the conceptual link between shining and illumination. While later translations sometimes render metaphoric uses as 'glory,' 'joy,' or 'prosperity,' the original range is broader, covering a variety of positive states associated with illumination. There are related Hebrew roots (e.g., נָהַר), but אוֹר especially emphasizes the act or process of emitting or communicating light. Over time, the metaphorical extension of 'enlightenment' became more prominent in post-biblical Hebrew and Jewish interpretive tradition.

Translation Consistency

primary "illuminate" 13 occurrences

“Illuminate” naturally covers both literal shining/emitting light (the sun, moon, lamp illuminates) and the causative/figurative sense of making something clear or enlightened (intellectually or morally). It reads naturally as both intransitive and transitive, avoids the ignition-sense ambiguity of “light,” and is a clearer, more consistent fit across the verb’s full SILEX range than alternatives like “shine” or the generic “cause.”

Alternatives (30 occurrences):
"shine" (10x) "shone" (3x) "make shine" (3x) "give light" (2x) "gives light" (2x) "became light" (1x) "enlightened" (1x) "when it is light" (1x) "those who set afire" (1x) "caused to shine" (1x) "kindle" (1x) "enlightening" (1x) "shining" (1x) "light" (1x) "causes to shine" (1x)

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

a primitive root; to be (causative, make) luminous (literally and metaphorically); [idiom] break of day, glorious, kindle, (be, en-, give, show) light (-en, -ened), set on fire, shine.

Bantu Hebrew

No Bantu Hebrew comparisons have been recorded for this word yet.

Root Family

אור (Uriyah) — to shine, to become bright, to illuminate, to give light

Root אור to shine, to become bright, to illuminate, to give light
Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H216 אוֹר in the skin
H220 אֲוֵרָה to animal stalls
H223 אוּרִיָּה to Yahweh-is-my-light
H2971 יָאִיר He Shines
H2972 יָאִרִי the Yairite

Word Forms

25 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
H215-05 לְ/הָאִ֣יר lehair HR/Vhc to give light to cause to shine to illuminate 7
H215-24 יָאִ֥יר yair HVhi3ms shines He shines will shine 5
H215-20 וְ/הָאֵ֣ר vehaer HC/Vhv2ms and cause to shine and cause to shine and cause to shine 3
H215-01 הָאֵ֥ר haer HVhv2ms cause to shine Cause to shine cause to shine 2
H215-02 הָאִ֥ירָ/ה hairah HVhv2ms/Sh make shine the fortified settlement cause to shine 2
H215-04 הֵאִ֣ירוּ heiru HVhp3cp lighted up they caused to shine they caused to illuminate 2
H215-14 תָּאִ֣יר tair HVhi3fs makes shine you will cause to shine causes to shine 2
H215-18 וַ/יָּ֖אֶר vayaer HC/Vhw3ms and-he-has-shined and he made shine and he illuminated 2
H215-23 יָאֵ֨ר yaer HVhj3ms cause to shine may he make shine may he make shine 2
H215-03 הֵאִ֥ירָה heirah HVhp3fs shone she caused to shine she caused to shine 1

Occurrences in Scripture

43 occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
H215-05 Genesis 1:15 לְ/הָאִ֖יר lehair HR/Vhc to give light to cause to shine to illuminate
H215-05 Genesis 1:17 לְ/הָאִ֖יר lehair HR/Vhc to light to cause to shine to illuminate
H215-11 Genesis 44:3 א֑וֹר or HVqp3ms was light light became light
H215-05 Exodus 13:21 לְ/הָאִ֣יר lehair HR/Vhc to-give-light to cause to shine to illuminate
H215-18 Exodus 14:20 וַ/יָּ֖אֶר vayaer HC/Vhw3ms and it illuminated and he made shine and it shone
H215-21 Exodus 25:37 וְ/הֵאִ֖יר veheir HC/Vhq3ms and it shall give light and he caused to shine and it shall shine
H215-23 Numbers 6:25 יָאֵ֨ר yaer HVhj3ms make shine may he make shine may he make shine
H215-25 Numbers 8:2 יָאִ֖ירוּ yairu HVhi3mp shall-give-light they will cause to shine they shall give light
H215-17 1 Samuel 14:27 וַ/תָּאֹ֖רְנָה vataorenah HC/Vqw3fp and brightened and they shone and they shone
H215-13 1 Samuel 14:29 אֹ֣רוּ oru HVqp3cp have been enlightened Shine! they have been enlightened
H215-22 1 Samuel 29:10 וְ/א֥וֹר veor HC/Vqq3ms and light and light and when it is light
H215-19 2 Samuel 2:32 וַ/יֵּאֹ֥ר vayeor HC/Vqw3ms and dawned and he shone and it shone
H215-09 Isaiah 27:11 מְאִיר֣וֹת meirot HVhrfpa set fire to illuminating ones those who set afire
H215-12 Isaiah 60:1 א֖וֹרִי ori HVqv2fs shine Shine! Shine
H215-24 Isaiah 60:19 יָאִ֣יר yair HVhi3ms shall give light He shines will shine
H215-24 Ezekiel 32:7 יָאִ֥יר yair HVhi3ms will-give-light He shines it will give light
H215-03 Ezekiel 43:2 הֵאִ֥ירָה heirah HVhp3fs shone she caused to shine she caused to shine
H215-15 Malachi 1:10 תָאִ֥ירוּ tairu HVhi2mp you kindle you will make shine you kindle
H215-02 Psalms 13:4 הָאִ֥ירָ/ה hairah HVhv2ms/Sh Lighten the fortified settlement cause to shine
H215-14 Psalms 18:29 תָּאִ֣יר tair HVhi2ms will light you will cause to shine you will illuminate
H215-08 Psalms 19:9 מְאִירַ֥ת meirat HVhrfsc enlightening illuminating of enlightening
H215-02 Psalms 31:17 הָאִ֣ירָ/ה hairah HVhv2ms/Sh make shine the fortified settlement make shine
H215-23 Psalms 67:2 יָ֤אֵ֥ר yaer HVhj3ms cause to shine may he make shine may he make shine
H215-10 Psalms 76:5 נָ֭אוֹר naor HVNrmsa radiant illuminated one illuminated one
H215-04 Psalms 77:19 הֵאִ֣ירוּ heiru HVhp3cp lighted up they caused to shine they caused to illuminate
H215-20 Psalms 80:4 וְ/הָאֵ֥ר vehaer HC/Vhv2ms and cause to shine and cause to shine and cause to shine
H215-20 Psalms 80:8 וְ/הָאֵ֥ר vehaer HC/Vhv2ms and-cause-to-shine and cause to shine and cause to shine
H215-01 Psalms 80:20 הָאֵ֥ר haer HVhv2ms cause to shine Cause to shine cause to shine
H215-04 Psalms 97:4 הֵאִ֣ירוּ heiru HVhp3cp lightnings lit up they caused to shine they caused to illuminate
H215-05 Psalms 105:39 לְ/הָאִ֥יר lehair HR/Vhc to give light to cause to shine to illuminate
H215-18 Psalms 118:27 וַ/יָּ֪אֶר vayaer HC/Vhw3ms and-he-has-shined and he made shine and he illuminated
H215-24 Psalms 119:130 יָאִ֗יר yair HVhi3ms gives light He shines gives light
H215-01 Psalms 119:135 הָאֵ֣ר haer HVhv2ms make shine Cause to shine cause to shine
H215-24 Psalms 139:12 יָאִ֑יר yair HVhi3ms shines He shines will shine
H215-16 Proverbs 4:18 וָ֝/א֗וֹר vaor HC/Vqrmsa and-light light and shining
H215-07 Proverbs 29:13 מֵ֤אִיר meir HVhrmsa gives light from a guarded city he gives light
H215-06 Job 33:30 לֵ֝/א֗וֹר leor HR/VNc to light to light to light
H215-24 Job 41:24 יָאִ֣יר yair HVhi3ms shines He shines It will illuminate
H215-14 Ecclesiastes 8:1 תָּאִ֣יר tair HVhi3fs makes shine you will cause to shine causes to shine
H215-20 Daniel 9:17 וְ/הָאֵ֣ר vehaer HC/Vhv2ms cause to shine and cause to shine and cause to shine
H215-05 Ezra 9:8 לְ/הָאִ֤יר lehair HR/Vhc to-enlighten to cause to shine to illuminate
H215-05 Nehemiah 9:12 לְ/הָאִ֣יר lehair HR/Vhc to light to cause to shine to illuminate
H215-05 Nehemiah 9:19 לְ/הָאִ֣יר lehair HR/Vhc to-shine to cause to shine to illuminate