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אֵסַר־חַדּוֹן

𐤀𐤎𐤓־𐤇𐤃𐤅𐤍

Esar Chadon

H634 noun

SILEX Entry

Root uncertain uncertain (proper name, foreign origin)

Definition

Proper name designating Esar-haddon, a king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire who reigned roughly 681–669 BCE. Used in the Hebrew Bible as a reference to this historical figure, the word denotes the reigning Assyrian monarch known for his conquest of Babylon and campaigns in the Levant, including involvement in the affairs of Israel and Judah.

Semantic Range

Esar-haddon (Neo-Assyrian monarch), designation of a specific Assyrian king; proper name only

Root / Etymology

The name is borrowed from Akkadian Aššur-aḫa-iddina, meaning 'Aššur (the chief Assyrian deity) has given a brother.' The component parts are: Aššur (the god), aḫa ('brother'), and iddina ('has given').

Historical & Contextual Notes

The term occurs in post-monarchic, exilic, and post-exilic texts referencing Neo-Assyrian imperial history, notably in the context of Assyrian intervention in the affairs of Israelite and Judahite polities. Its presence in the Hebrew Bible (2 Kings 19:37; Ezra 4:2) reflects both historical memory of Assyrian rule and the incorporation of foreign regal titles into Hebrew texts. English translations consistently render it as 'Esar-haddon,' though the original Akkadian preserves distinct elements lost in transliteration. This word is strictly a proper name and does not eventuate into other lexical senses within the biblical corpus.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

of foreign derivation; Esar-chaddon, an Assyrian king; Esar-haddon.

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Root Family

אֵסַר־חַדּוֹן (ʾÊçar-Ḥaddôn) — proper name, foreign royal designation

Word Forms

2 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 Occurrences
H634-02 אֵֽסַר esar HNp Esarhaddon Esar-haddon 3
H634-01 חַדֹּ֥ן chadon HNp his son Esar-haddon 3

Occurrences in Scripture

6 total occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1
H634-02 2 Kings 19:37 אֵֽסַר esar HNp Esarhaddon Esar-haddon
H634-01 2 Kings 19:37 חַדֹּ֥ן chadon HNp his son Esar-haddon
H634-02 Isaiah 37:38 אֵֽסַר esar HNp Esarhaddon Esar-haddon
H634-01 Isaiah 37:38 חַדֹּ֥ן chadon HNp his son Esar-haddon
H634-02 Ezra 4:2 אֵסַ֤ר esar HNp Esar Esar-haddon
H634-01 Ezra 4:2 חַדֹּן֙ chadon HNp haddon Esar-haddon
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