שָׁמַע
𐤔𐤌𐤏
shâmaʻ
H8085 verb
SILEX Entry
Definition
To perceive sound or speech with the ear; by extension, to listen, pay attention, or heed, often with the implication of responding appropriately. In many contexts, carries the sense of attentive or obedient listening, sometimes extending to 'obey,' especially in covenantal or legal passages. Also used causatively ('to make hear,' 'cause to be announced'), with a secondary sense of proclaiming, reporting, or making known information to others. The verb can also connote understanding, discerning, or acknowledging a message or instruction.
Semantic Range
to hear (with the ear), to listen, to heed, to pay attention, to obey, to understand, to perceive, to accept or regard, to cause to be heard (proclaim), to report, to announce, to make a sound
Root / Etymology
Root שׁמע (shin-mem-ayin), meaning 'to hear.' The root fundamentally relates to the function of hearing and attentive recognition, with semantic development reflecting the link between hearing and responding (e.g., hearing and obeying, hearing and understanding, hearing and announcing). The Qal stem typically denotes simple hearing/audition; the Hiphil is causative, 'to cause to hear' or 'to proclaim.'
Historical & Contextual Notes
שָׁמַע is a highly significant verb throughout the Hebrew Bible, used both for physical hearing and for metaphorical or intellectual processes involving attention, evaluation, and response. In covenantal contexts, such as the Shemaʻ (Deut 6:4), the verb expressly combines hearing and obedient response—indicating not merely auditory perception but appropriate action. Its use in legal and prophetic texts often implies adherence to instructions or divine commands. Over time, particularly in later biblical and post-biblical Hebrew, the meaning of 'obey' grows more pronounced, yet biblical usage retains a balance between listening, understanding, and acting. שָׁמַע is broader than simple 'obey' and must be distinguished from verbs like עשה (to do) or ידע (to know), though overlap can occur. English translations that render שָׁמַע as simply 'hear' or 'obey' may thus miss contextual nuances—especially where understanding and response are linked.
Translation Consistency
'Hear' is the most common and natural English rendering across this lemma’s uses (forms like heard/hearing predominate). It captures the primary sense of perceiving sound or speech and can be contextually extended to listening, heeding, understanding, or obeying; causative uses can be rendered periphrastically (e.g. 'cause to hear'/'proclaim'). Choosing 'hear' maximizes consistency and natural English across the semantic range.
Original Strong's Gloss (1890)
a primitive root; to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.); [idiom] attentively, call (gather) together, [idiom] carefully, [idiom] certainly, consent, consider, be content, declare, [idiom] diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make to) hear(-ken, tell), [idiom] indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be) obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish, regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, [idiom] surely, tell, understand, whosoever (heareth), witness.
Bantu Hebrew
No Bantu Hebrew comparisons have been recorded for this word yet.
Root Family
שׁמע (Hoshama) — to hear, listen, obey
| Strong's | Lemma | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
| H1953 | הוֹשָׁמָע | Yahweh-has-heard |
| H3460 | יִשְׁמַעְיָה | and Yah-hears |
| H4926 | מִשְׁמָע | to report-of |
| H4928 | מִשְׁמַעַת | their obedience |
| H8039 | שִׁמְאָה | Hearing-one |
Word Forms
156 distinct forms
| SIDANCE | Surface | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 | Occurrences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H8085-71 |
שִׁמְע֖וּ | shimeu | HVqv2mp |
Hear | Hear! | Hear! | 91 |
H8085-110 |
וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֣ע | vayishema | HC/Vqw3ms |
and heard | and he heard | and he heard | 88 |
H8085-54 |
שָׁמְע֖וּ | shameu | HVqp3cp |
they listened | they heard | they heard | 66 |
H8085-46 |
שָׁמַ֔ע | shama | HVqp3ms |
heard | he heard | he heard | 60 |
H8085-56 |
שְׁמַ֣ע | shema | HVqv2ms |
Hear | Listen! | Hear! | 56 |
H8085-50 |
שָׁמָֽעְתִּי | shamaeti | HVqp1cs |
I have heard | I heard | I heard | 48 |
H8085-39 |
לִ/שְׁמֹ֥עַ | lishemoa | HR/Vqc |
to hear | to hear | to hear | 46 |
H8085-85 |
תִּשְׁמַ֞ע | tishema | HVqi2ms |
hear | you will hear | you will hear | 42 |
H8085-111 |
וַֽ/יִּשְׁמְע֔וּ | vayishemeu | HC/Vqw3mp |
and they heard | and they heard | and they heard | 34 |
H8085-152 |
יִֽשְׁמַֽע | yishema | HVqj3ms |
he hears | he will hear | he will hear | 32 |
Occurrences in Scripture
1165 occurrences
| SIDANCE | Reference | Word | Transliteration | Morphology | Common | SIBI-P1 | SIBI-P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H8085-111 |
Genesis 3:8 | וַֽ/יִּשְׁמְע֞וּ | vayishemeu | HC/Vqw3mp |
and they heard | and they heard | and they heard |
H8085-50 |
Genesis 3:10 | שָׁמַ֖עְתִּי | shamaeti | HVqp1cs |
I heard | I heard | I heard |
H8085-49 |
Genesis 3:17 | שָׁמַעְתָּ֮ | shamaeta | HVqp2ms |
you have listened | you heard | you heard |
H8085-58 |
Genesis 4:23 | שְׁמַ֣עַן | shemaan | HVqv2fp |
hear | Listen! | Listen |
H8085-155 |
Genesis 11:7 | יִשְׁמְע֔וּ | yishemeu | HVqi3mp |
they will understand | they will hear | they will hear |
H8085-110 |
Genesis 14:14 | וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֣ע | vayishema | HC/Vqw3ms |
heard | and he heard | and he heard |
H8085-110 |
Genesis 16:2 | וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֥ע | vayishema | HC/Vqw3ms |
and listened | and he heard | and he heard |
H8085-46 |
Genesis 16:11 | שָׁמַ֥ע | shama | HVqp3ms |
has heard | he heard | he heard |
H8085-65 |
Genesis 17:20 | שְׁמַעְתִּי/ךָ֒ | shemaetikha | HVqp1cs/Sp2ms |
I have heard you | I have heard you | I have heard you |
H8085-74 |
Genesis 18:10 | שֹׁמַ֛עַת | shomaat | HVqrfsa |
was listening | hearing one (feminine) | was listening |
H8085-18 |
Genesis 21:6 | הַ/שֹּׁמֵ֖עַ | hashomea | HTd/Vqrmsa |
who hears | the listening one | the hearing one |
H8085-56 |
Genesis 21:12 | שְׁמַ֣ע | shema | HVqv2ms |
listen | Listen! | Hear! |
H8085-110 |
Genesis 21:17 | וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֣ע | vayishema | HC/Vqw3ms |
and heard | and he heard | and he heard |
H8085-46 |
Genesis 21:17 | שָׁמַ֧ע | shama | HVqp3ms |
has heard | he heard | he heard |
H8085-50 |
Genesis 21:26 | שָׁמַ֖עְתִּי | shamaeti | HVqp1cs |
hear | I heard | I heard |
H8085-49 |
Genesis 22:18 | שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ | shamaeta | HVqp2ms |
you have obeyed | you heard | you have obeyed |
H8085-62 |
Genesis 23:6 | שְׁמָעֵ֣/נוּ | shemaenu | HVqv2ms/Sp1cp |
Hear us | Hear us | Hear us |
H8085-67 |
Genesis 23:8 | שְׁמָע֕וּ/נִי | shemauni | HVqv2mp/Sp1cs |
listen to me | Listen to me | Hear me |
H8085-61 |
Genesis 23:11 | שְׁמָעֵ֔/נִי | shemaeni | HVqv2ms/Sp1cs |
hear me | listen to me | listen to me |
H8085-61 |
Genesis 23:13 | שְׁמָעֵ֑/נִי | shemaeni | HVqv2ms/Sp1cs |
listen to me | listen to me | listen to me |
H8085-61 |
Genesis 23:15 | שְׁמָעֵ֔/נִי | shemaeni | HVqv2ms/Sp1cs |
listen to me | listen to me | listen to me |
H8085-110 |
Genesis 23:16 | וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֣ע | vayishema | HC/Vqw3ms |
listened | and he heard | and he heard |
H8085-93 |
Genesis 24:30 | וּ/כְ/שָׁמְע֗/וֹ | ukheshameo | HC/R/Vqc/Sp3ms |
and when he heard | and at his hearing | and when he heard |
H8085-46 |
Genesis 24:52 | שָׁמַ֛ע | shama | HVqp3ms |
heard | he heard | he heard |
H8085-46 |
Genesis 26:5 | שָׁמַ֥ע | shama | HVqp3ms |
obeyed | he heard | he heard |
H8085-74 |
Genesis 27:5 | שֹׁמַ֔עַת | shomaat | HVqrfsa |
was listening | hearing one (feminine) | was listening |
H8085-50 |
Genesis 27:6 | שָׁמַ֨עְתִּי֙ | shamaeti | HVqp1cs |
I heard | I heard | I heard |
H8085-56 |
Genesis 27:8 | שְׁמַ֣ע | shema | HVqv2ms |
listen | Listen! | Hear! |
H8085-56 |
Genesis 27:13 | שְׁמַ֥ע | shema | HVqv2ms |
obey | Listen! | Hear! |
H8085-35 |
Genesis 27:34 | כִּ/שְׁמֹ֤עַ | kishemoa | HR/Vqc |
when he heard | as hearing | when hearing |
H8085-56 |
Genesis 27:43 | שְׁמַ֣ע | shema | HVqv2ms |
obey | Listen! | Hear! |
H8085-110 |
Genesis 28:7 | וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֣ע | vayishema | HC/Vqw3ms |
and he obeyed | and he heard | and he heard |
H8085-34 |
Genesis 29:13 | כִ/שְׁמֹ֨עַ | khishemoa | HR/Vqc |
when (Laban) heard | upon hearing | upon hearing |
H8085-46 |
Genesis 29:33 | שָׁמַ֤ע | shama | HVqp3ms |
has heard | he heard | he heard |
H8085-46 |
Genesis 30:6 | שָׁמַ֣ע | shama | HVqp3ms |
heard | he heard | has heard |
H8085-110 |
Genesis 30:17 | וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֥ע | vayishema | HC/Vqw3ms |
and God hearkened | and he heard | and he heard |
H8085-110 |
Genesis 30:22 | וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֤ע | vayishema | HC/Vqw3ms |
listened | and he heard | and he heard |
H8085-110 |
Genesis 31:1 | וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֗ע | vayishema | HC/Vqw3ms |
heard | and he heard | and he heard |
H8085-46 |
Genesis 34:5 | שָׁמַ֗ע | shama | HVqp3ms |
heard | he heard | he heard |
H8085-29 |
Genesis 34:7 | כְּ/שָׁמְעָ֔/ם | keshameam | HR/Vqc/Sp3mp |
when they heard | as their hearing | when they heard |
H8085-90 |
Genesis 34:17 | תִשְׁמְע֛וּ | tishemeu | HVqi2mp |
you listen | you all will hear | you all will hear |
H8085-111 |
Genesis 34:24 | וַ/יִּשְׁמְע֤וּ | vayishemeu | HC/Vqw3mp |
and they listened | and they heard | and they heard |
H8085-110 |
Genesis 35:22 | וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֖ע | vayishema | HC/Vqw3ms |
and heard | and he heard | and he heard |
H8085-71 |
Genesis 37:6 | שִׁמְעוּ | shimeu | HVqv2mp |
Hear | Hear! | Hear! |
H8085-50 |
Genesis 37:17 | שָׁמַ֨עְתִּי֙ | shamaeti | HVqp1cs |
I heard | I heard | I heard |
H8085-110 |
Genesis 37:21 | וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֣ע | vayishema | HC/Vqw3ms |
And Reuben heard | and he heard | and he heard |
H8085-111 |
Genesis 37:27 | וַֽ/יִּשְׁמְע֖וּ | vayishemeu | HC/Vqw3mp |
and they listened | and they heard | and they heard |
H8085-46 |
Genesis 39:10 | שָׁמַ֥ע | shama | HVqp3ms |
listen | he heard | he listened |
H8085-33 |
Genesis 39:15 | כְ/שָׁמְע֔/וֹ | kheshameo | HR/Vqc/Sp3ms |
when he heard | as his hearing | when he heard |
H8085-34 |
Genesis 39:19 | כִ/שְׁמֹ֨עַ | khishemoa | HR/Vqc |
when heard | upon hearing | upon hearing |