שָׁמַע

𐤔𐤌𐤏

shâmaʻ

H8085 verb

SILEX Entry

Definition

To perceive sound or speech with the ear; by extension, to listen, pay attention, or heed, often with the implication of responding appropriately. In many contexts, carries the sense of attentive or obedient listening, sometimes extending to 'obey,' especially in covenantal or legal passages. Also used causatively ('to make hear,' 'cause to be announced'), with a secondary sense of proclaiming, reporting, or making known information to others. The verb can also connote understanding, discerning, or acknowledging a message or instruction.

Semantic Range

to hear (with the ear), to listen, to heed, to pay attention, to obey, to understand, to perceive, to accept or regard, to cause to be heard (proclaim), to report, to announce, to make a sound

Root / Etymology

Root שׁמע (shin-mem-ayin), meaning 'to hear.' The root fundamentally relates to the function of hearing and attentive recognition, with semantic development reflecting the link between hearing and responding (e.g., hearing and obeying, hearing and understanding, hearing and announcing). The Qal stem typically denotes simple hearing/audition; the Hiphil is causative, 'to cause to hear' or 'to proclaim.'

Historical & Contextual Notes

שָׁמַע is a highly significant verb throughout the Hebrew Bible, used both for physical hearing and for metaphorical or intellectual processes involving attention, evaluation, and response. In covenantal contexts, such as the Shemaʻ (Deut 6:4), the verb expressly combines hearing and obedient response—indicating not merely auditory perception but appropriate action. Its use in legal and prophetic texts often implies adherence to instructions or divine commands. Over time, particularly in later biblical and post-biblical Hebrew, the meaning of 'obey' grows more pronounced, yet biblical usage retains a balance between listening, understanding, and acting. שָׁמַע is broader than simple 'obey' and must be distinguished from verbs like עשה (to do) or ידע (to know), though overlap can occur. English translations that render שָׁמַע as simply 'hear' or 'obey' may thus miss contextual nuances—especially where understanding and response are linked.

Translation Consistency

primary "hear" 42 occurrences

'Hear' is the most common and natural English rendering across this lemma’s uses (forms like heard/hearing predominate). It captures the primary sense of perceiving sound or speech and can be contextually extended to listening, heeding, understanding, or obeying; causative uses can be rendered periphrastically (e.g. 'cause to hear'/'proclaim'). Choosing 'hear' maximizes consistency and natural English across the semantic range.

Alternatives (8 occurrences):
"listen to" (3x) "listening" (2x) "listen" (1x) "obeyed" (1x) "listened" (1x)

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

a primitive root; to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.); [idiom] attentively, call (gather) together, [idiom] carefully, [idiom] certainly, consent, consider, be content, declare, [idiom] diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make to) hear(-ken, tell), [idiom] indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be) obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish, regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, [idiom] surely, tell, understand, whosoever (heareth), witness.

Bantu Hebrew

No Bantu Hebrew comparisons have been recorded for this word yet.

Root Family

שׁמע (Hoshama) — to hear, listen, obey

Root שׁמע to hear, to listen, to pay attention
Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H1953 הוֹשָׁמָע Yahweh-has-heard
H3460 יִשְׁמַעְיָה and Yah-hears
H4926 מִשְׁמָע to report-of
H4928 מִשְׁמַעַת their obedience
H8039 שִׁמְאָה Hearing-one

Word Forms

156 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
H8085-71 שִׁמְע֖וּ shimeu HVqv2mp Hear Hear! Hear! 91
H8085-110 וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֣ע vayishema HC/Vqw3ms and heard and he heard and he heard 88
H8085-54 שָׁמְע֖וּ shameu HVqp3cp they listened they heard they heard 66
H8085-46 שָׁמַ֔ע shama HVqp3ms heard he heard he heard 60
H8085-56 שְׁמַ֣ע shema HVqv2ms Hear Listen! Hear! 56
H8085-50 שָׁמָֽעְתִּי shamaeti HVqp1cs I have heard I heard I heard 48
H8085-39 לִ/שְׁמֹ֥עַ lishemoa HR/Vqc to hear to hear to hear 46
H8085-85 תִּשְׁמַ֞ע tishema HVqi2ms hear you will hear you will hear 42
H8085-111 וַֽ/יִּשְׁמְע֔וּ vayishemeu HC/Vqw3mp and they heard and they heard and they heard 34
H8085-152 יִֽשְׁמַֽע yishema HVqj3ms he hears he will hear he will hear 32

Occurrences in Scripture

1165 occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
H8085-111 Genesis 3:8 וַֽ/יִּשְׁמְע֞וּ vayishemeu HC/Vqw3mp and they heard and they heard and they heard
H8085-50 Genesis 3:10 שָׁמַ֖עְתִּי shamaeti HVqp1cs I heard I heard I heard
H8085-49 Genesis 3:17 שָׁמַעְתָּ֮ shamaeta HVqp2ms you have listened you heard you heard
H8085-58 Genesis 4:23 שְׁמַ֣עַן shemaan HVqv2fp hear Listen! Listen
H8085-155 Genesis 11:7 יִשְׁמְע֔וּ yishemeu HVqi3mp they will understand they will hear they will hear
H8085-110 Genesis 14:14 וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֣ע vayishema HC/Vqw3ms heard and he heard and he heard
H8085-110 Genesis 16:2 וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֥ע vayishema HC/Vqw3ms and listened and he heard and he heard
H8085-46 Genesis 16:11 שָׁמַ֥ע shama HVqp3ms has heard he heard he heard
H8085-65 Genesis 17:20 שְׁמַעְתִּי/ךָ֒ shemaetikha HVqp1cs/Sp2ms I have heard you I have heard you I have heard you
H8085-74 Genesis 18:10 שֹׁמַ֛עַת shomaat HVqrfsa was listening hearing one (feminine) was listening
H8085-18 Genesis 21:6 הַ/שֹּׁמֵ֖עַ hashomea HTd/Vqrmsa who hears the listening one the hearing one
H8085-56 Genesis 21:12 שְׁמַ֣ע shema HVqv2ms listen Listen! Hear!
H8085-110 Genesis 21:17 וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֣ע vayishema HC/Vqw3ms and heard and he heard and he heard
H8085-46 Genesis 21:17 שָׁמַ֧ע shama HVqp3ms has heard he heard he heard
H8085-50 Genesis 21:26 שָׁמַ֖עְתִּי shamaeti HVqp1cs hear I heard I heard
H8085-49 Genesis 22:18 שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ shamaeta HVqp2ms you have obeyed you heard you have obeyed
H8085-62 Genesis 23:6 שְׁמָעֵ֣/נוּ shemaenu HVqv2ms/Sp1cp Hear us Hear us Hear us
H8085-67 Genesis 23:8 שְׁמָע֕וּ/נִי shemauni HVqv2mp/Sp1cs listen to me Listen to me Hear me
H8085-61 Genesis 23:11 שְׁמָעֵ֔/נִי shemaeni HVqv2ms/Sp1cs hear me listen to me listen to me
H8085-61 Genesis 23:13 שְׁמָעֵ֑/נִי shemaeni HVqv2ms/Sp1cs listen to me listen to me listen to me
H8085-61 Genesis 23:15 שְׁמָעֵ֔/נִי shemaeni HVqv2ms/Sp1cs listen to me listen to me listen to me
H8085-110 Genesis 23:16 וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֣ע vayishema HC/Vqw3ms listened and he heard and he heard
H8085-93 Genesis 24:30 וּ/כְ/שָׁמְע֗/וֹ ukheshameo HC/R/Vqc/Sp3ms and when he heard and at his hearing and when he heard
H8085-46 Genesis 24:52 שָׁמַ֛ע shama HVqp3ms heard he heard he heard
H8085-46 Genesis 26:5 שָׁמַ֥ע shama HVqp3ms obeyed he heard he heard
H8085-74 Genesis 27:5 שֹׁמַ֔עַת shomaat HVqrfsa was listening hearing one (feminine) was listening
H8085-50 Genesis 27:6 שָׁמַ֨עְתִּי֙ shamaeti HVqp1cs I heard I heard I heard
H8085-56 Genesis 27:8 שְׁמַ֣ע shema HVqv2ms listen Listen! Hear!
H8085-56 Genesis 27:13 שְׁמַ֥ע shema HVqv2ms obey Listen! Hear!
H8085-35 Genesis 27:34 כִּ/שְׁמֹ֤עַ kishemoa HR/Vqc when he heard as hearing when hearing
H8085-56 Genesis 27:43 שְׁמַ֣ע shema HVqv2ms obey Listen! Hear!
H8085-110 Genesis 28:7 וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֣ע vayishema HC/Vqw3ms and he obeyed and he heard and he heard
H8085-34 Genesis 29:13 כִ/שְׁמֹ֨עַ khishemoa HR/Vqc when (Laban) heard upon hearing upon hearing
H8085-46 Genesis 29:33 שָׁמַ֤ע shama HVqp3ms has heard he heard he heard
H8085-46 Genesis 30:6 שָׁמַ֣ע shama HVqp3ms heard he heard has heard
H8085-110 Genesis 30:17 וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֥ע vayishema HC/Vqw3ms and God hearkened and he heard and he heard
H8085-110 Genesis 30:22 וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֤ע vayishema HC/Vqw3ms listened and he heard and he heard
H8085-110 Genesis 31:1 וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֗ע vayishema HC/Vqw3ms heard and he heard and he heard
H8085-46 Genesis 34:5 שָׁמַ֗ע shama HVqp3ms heard he heard he heard
H8085-29 Genesis 34:7 כְּ/שָׁמְעָ֔/ם keshameam HR/Vqc/Sp3mp when they heard as their hearing when they heard
H8085-90 Genesis 34:17 תִשְׁמְע֛וּ tishemeu HVqi2mp you listen you all will hear you all will hear
H8085-111 Genesis 34:24 וַ/יִּשְׁמְע֤וּ vayishemeu HC/Vqw3mp and they listened and they heard and they heard
H8085-110 Genesis 35:22 וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֖ע vayishema HC/Vqw3ms and heard and he heard and he heard
H8085-71 Genesis 37:6 שִׁמְעוּ shimeu HVqv2mp Hear Hear! Hear!
H8085-50 Genesis 37:17 שָׁמַ֨עְתִּי֙ shamaeti HVqp1cs I heard I heard I heard
H8085-110 Genesis 37:21 וַ/יִּשְׁמַ֣ע vayishema HC/Vqw3ms And Reuben heard and he heard and he heard
H8085-111 Genesis 37:27 וַֽ/יִּשְׁמְע֖וּ vayishemeu HC/Vqw3mp and they listened and they heard and they heard
H8085-46 Genesis 39:10 שָׁמַ֥ע shama HVqp3ms listen he heard he listened
H8085-33 Genesis 39:15 כְ/שָׁמְע֔/וֹ kheshameo HR/Vqc/Sp3ms when he heard as his hearing when he heard
H8085-34 Genesis 39:19 כִ/שְׁמֹ֨עַ khishemoa HR/Vqc when heard upon hearing upon hearing