מָֽעֲלוּ

𐤌𐤏𐤋𐤅

maalu

they have trespassed

a primitive root; properly, to cover up; used only figuratively, to act covertly, i.e. treacherously; transgress, (commit, do a) trespass(-ing).

H4603

Daniel 9:7 · Word #24

Lexicon H4603

Lemmaמָעַל
Lemma (Paleo)𐤌𐤏𐤋
Transliterationmâʻal
Strong'sH4603
In-contextthey have trespassed

Morphology HVqp3cp All morphology codes

Part of Speech V — Verb — An action or state
Binyan q — Qal — Simple active
Conjugation p — Perfect — Completed action
Person 3 — 3rd person — Third person ("he/she/they")
Gender c — Common — Common (both genders)
Number p — Plural — Plural

SIBI-P1 H4603-08

they acted treacherously

Rootמעל (m-ʿ-l)
Core Meaningscovering over, acting covertly, treachery, breach of trust, unfaithfulness
Semantic Rangeto act unfaithfully, to commit treachery, to break faith, to trespass, to violate covenant, to deal deceitfully
Conceptual Significanceמעל often describes covenantal betrayal—whether against YHWH, sacred things, or communal trust. It conveys not merely wrongdoing but a breach of entrusted relationship, emphasizing the seriousness of hidden or faithless rebellion within Israel’s covenant framework.
Morphological NotesQal stem, perfect (suffix conjugation), 3rd person common plural. Denotes a completed action performed by a plural subject ("they").
Rendering RationaleThe Qal perfect 3rd common plural form denotes a completed action by "they." The rendering "they acted treacherously" preserves the root sense of covert breach or betrayal inherent in מעל, while accurately reflecting the plural subject and simple active stem.

AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)

Words from Root מעל (covering over, acting covertly, treachery, breach of trust, unfaithfulness)

SILEX Code Transliteration SIBI-P1
H4604-01 bamaal in the treachery
H4604-02 bemaal in treachery
H4603-01 bemaalam in their treacherous breach-of-trust

Word Usage (36 occurrences of H4603)

Location Form Transliteration Meaning
Leviticus 5:15 תִמְעֹ֣ל timeol commits unfaithfulness
Leviticus 5:21 וּ/מָעֲלָ֥ה umaalah and-commits-trespass
Leviticus 26:40 מָֽעֲלוּ maalu they committed