Deuteronomy 20

Laws for warfare: priests encourage troops by noting YHWH's presence, exempt newlyweds, fearful, and timorous; offer peace to distant cities before besieging, but utterly destroy seven Hittite nations; permit sparing fruit trees during sieges[1].

Interlinear Text

Verse 1
כִּֽי 𐤊𐤉 ki When for/because when HC תֵצֵ֨א 𐤕𐤑𐤀 tetse you go out she will go out you go out HVqi2ms לַ/מִּלְחָמָ֜ה 𐤋/𐤌𐤋𐤇𐤌𐤄 lamilechamah to battle to the battle to the battle HRd/Ncfsa עַל 𐤏𐤋 al against upon against HR אֹיְבֶ֗י/ךָ 𐤀𐤉𐤁𐤉/𐤊 oyeveykha your enemies your hostile ones your enemies HVqrmpc/Sp2ms וְֽ/רָאִ֜יתָ 𐤅/𐤓𐤀𐤉𐤕 veraita and you see and you saw and you see HC/Vqq2ms ס֤וּס 𐤎𐤅𐤎 sus horses horse horses HNcmsa וָ/רֶ֨כֶב֙ 𐤅/𐤓𐤊𐤁 varekhev and chariots chariot and chariot HC/Ncmsa עַ֚ם 𐤏𐤌 am people gathered people people HNcmsa רַ֣ב 𐤓𐤁 rav numerous great great HAamsa מִמְּ/ךָ֔ 𐤌𐤌/𐤊 mimekha than you from you than you HR/Sp2ms לֹ֥א 𐤋𐤀 lo not not not HTn תִירָ֖א 𐤕𐤉𐤓𐤀 tira be afraid may you fear be afraid HVqi2ms מֵ/הֶ֑ם 𐤌/𐤄𐤌 mehem of them of them HR/Sp3mp כִּֽי 𐤊𐤉 ki-2 for for/because for HC יְהוָ֤ה 𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤄 yehvah Nyambe (Lozi) the LORD Yahweh Yahweh HNp אֱלֹהֶ֨י/ךָ֙ 𐤀𐤋𐤄𐤉/𐤊 eloheykha Mulimu (Lozi) your God your Mighty One your Elohim HNcmpc/Sp2ms עִמָּ֔/ךְ 𐤏𐤌/𐤊 imakhe with you with you with you HR/Sp2fs הַ/מַּֽעַלְ/ךָ֖ 𐤄/𐤌𐤏𐤋/𐤊 hamaalekha Aleya (Bemba) who brought you up the one bringing you up who brought you up HTd/Vhrmsc/Sp2ms מֵ/אֶ֥רֶץ 𐤌/𐤀𐤓𐤑 meerets Ayé (Yoruba) from the land from land from land HR/Ncbsc מִצְרָֽיִם 𐤌𐤑𐤓𐤉𐤌 mitserayim of Egypt the Dual Enclosed-Land (Mitsrayim) Mitserayim HNp
Verse 3
וְ/אָמַ֤ר 𐤅/𐤀𐤌𐤓 veamar and he shall say and he said and he said HC/Vqq3ms אֲלֵ/הֶם֙ 𐤀𐤋/𐤄𐤌 alehem to them toward them to them HR/Sp3mp שְׁמַ֣ע 𐤔𐤌𐤏 shema hear Listen! Hear! HVqv2ms יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 𐤉𐤔𐤓𐤀𐤋 yiserael O Israel El-Contends Yiserael HNp אַתֶּ֨ם 𐤀𐤕𐤌 atem you you (masculine plural) you (masculine plural) HPp2mp קְרֵבִ֥ים 𐤒𐤓𐤁𐤉𐤌 qerevim are drawing near near ones those drawing near HAampa הַ/יּ֛וֹם 𐤄/𐤉𐤅𐤌 hayom today the day the day HTd/Ncmsa לַ/מִּלְחָמָ֖ה 𐤋/𐤌𐤋𐤇𐤌𐤄 lamilechamah to battle to the battle to the battle HRd/Ncfsa עַל 𐤏𐤋 al against upon against HR אֹיְבֵי/כֶ֑ם 𐤀𐤉𐤁𐤉/𐤊𐤌 oyeveykhem your enemies your hostile-ones your enemies HVqrmpc/Sp2mp אַל 𐤀𐤋 al-2 not upon / over do not HTn יֵרַ֣ךְ 𐤉𐤓𐤊 yerakhe be faint let him become soft be faint HVqj3ms לְבַבְ/כֶ֗ם 𐤋𐤁𐤁/𐤊𐤌 levavekhem your heart your inner core your (pl.) heart HNcmsc/Sp2mp אַל 𐤀𐤋 al-3 not upon / over do not HTn תִּֽירְא֧וּ 𐤕𐤉𐤓𐤀𐤅 tireu be afraid you will fear fear HVqj2mp וְ/אַֽל 𐤅/𐤀𐤋 veal nor and do not and do not HC/Tn תַּחְפְּז֛וּ 𐤕𐤇𐤐𐤆𐤅 tachepezu kɛmba (Lingala) panic may you hurry anxiously panic HVqj2mp וְ/אַל 𐤅/𐤀𐤋 veal-2 nor and do not and do not HC/Tn תַּֽעַרְצ֖וּ 𐤕𐤏𐤓𐤑𐤅 taaretsu be terrified may you dread be terrified HVqj2mp מִ/פְּנֵי/הֶֽם 𐤌/𐤐𐤍𐤉/𐤄𐤌 mipeneyhem before them from their presence from before them HR/Ncbpc/Sp3mp
Verse 5
וְ/דִבְּר֣וּ 𐤅/𐤃𐤁𐤓𐤅 vediberu and shall speak and they spoke and shall speak HC/Vpq3cp הַ/שֹּֽׁטְרִים֮ 𐤄/𐤔𐤈𐤓𐤉𐤌 hashoterim the officers the overseeing officers the officers HTd/Vqrmpa אֶל 𐤀𐤋 el to toward to HR הָ/עָ֣ם 𐤄/𐤏𐤌 haam the people the gathered people the people HTd/Ncmsa לֵ/אמֹר֒ 𐤋/𐤀𐤌𐤓 lemor saying to say to say HR/Vqc מִֽי 𐤌𐤉 mi who who? who HTi הָ/אִ֞ישׁ 𐤄/𐤀𐤉𐤔 haish the man the man the man HTd/Ncmsa אֲשֶׁ֨ר 𐤀𐤔𐤓 asher that that-which who HTr בָּנָ֤ה 𐤁𐤍𐤄 banah akha (Zulu) has built he built he built HVqp3ms בַֽיִת 𐤁𐤉𐤕 vayit a house house a house HNcmsa חָדָשׁ֙ 𐤇𐤃𐤔 chadash new new new HAamsa וְ/לֹ֣א 𐤅/𐤋𐤀 velo and has not and not and has not HC/Tn חֲנָכ֔/וֹ 𐤇𐤍𐤊/𐤅 chanakho dedicated it he dedicated it dedicated it HVqp3ms/Sp3ms יֵלֵ֖ךְ 𐤉𐤋𐤊 yelekhe let him go he will go let him go HVqi3ms וְ/יָשֹׁ֣ב 𐤅/𐤉𐤔𐤁 veyashov and return and let him return and let him return HC/Vqi3ms לְ/בֵית֑/וֹ 𐤋/𐤁𐤉𐤕/𐤅 leveyto to his house to his house to his house HR/Ncmsc/Sp3ms פֶּן 𐤐𐤍 pen lest lest lest HC יָמוּת֙ 𐤉𐤌𐤅𐤕 yamut he die he will die he die HVqi3ms בַּ/מִּלְחָמָ֔ה 𐤁/𐤌𐤋𐤇𐤌𐤄 bamilechamah in the battle in the warfare in the battle HRd/Ncfsa וְ/אִ֥ישׁ 𐤅/𐤀𐤉𐤔 veish and a man and a man and a man HC/Ncmsa אַחֵ֖ר 𐤀𐤇𐤓 acher another another (masculine) other (masculine) HAamsa יַחְנְכֶֽ/נּוּ 𐤉𐤇𐤍𐤊/𐤍𐤅 yachenekhenu dedicate it he will dedicate him dedicate it HVqi3ms/Sp3ms
Verse 6
Verse 7
Verse 8
וְ/יָסְפ֣וּ 𐤅/𐤉𐤎𐤐𐤅 veyasefu and they shall add and they added and they shall add HC/Vqq3cp הַ/שֹּׁטְרִים֮ 𐤄/𐤔𐤈𐤓𐤉𐤌 hashoterim the officers the overseeing officers the officers HTd/Vqrmpa לְ/דַבֵּ֣ר 𐤋/𐤃𐤁𐤓 ledaber to speak to declare to speak HR/Vpc אֶל 𐤀𐤋 el to toward to HR הָ/עָם֒ 𐤄/𐤏𐤌 haam the people the gathered people the people HTd/Ncmsa וְ/אָמְר֗וּ 𐤅/𐤀𐤌𐤓𐤅 veameru and they shall say and they said and they shall say HC/Vqq3cp מִי 𐤌𐤉 mi who who? who? HTi הָ/אִ֤ישׁ 𐤄/𐤀𐤉𐤔 haish the man the man the man HTd/Ncmsa הַ/יָּרֵא֙ 𐤄/𐤉𐤓𐤀 hayare that is fearful the fearing one the fearful one HTd/Aamsa וְ/רַ֣ךְ 𐤅/𐤓𐤊 verakhe and fainthearted and tender and fainthearted HC/Aamsc הַ/לֵּבָ֔ב 𐤄/𐤋𐤁𐤁 halevav of heart the inner heart of heart HTd/Ncmsa יֵלֵ֖ךְ 𐤉𐤋𐤊 yelekhe let him go he will go let him go HVqi3ms וְ/יָשֹׁ֣ב 𐤅/𐤉𐤔𐤁 veyashov and return and let him return and let him return HC/Vqi3ms לְ/בֵית֑/וֹ 𐤋/𐤁𐤉𐤕/𐤅 leveyto to his house to his house to his house HR/Ncmsc/Sp3ms וְ/לֹ֥א 𐤅/𐤋𐤀 velo lest and not and not HC/Tn יִמַּ֛ס 𐤉𐤌𐤎 yimas he make melt he will melt away he will melt HVNi3ms אֶת 𐤀𐤕 et - object-marker [·] HTo לְבַ֥ב 𐤋𐤁𐤁 levav heart heart of heart of HNcmsc אֶחָ֖י/ו 𐤀𐤇𐤉/𐤅 echayv of his brothers his brothers his brothers HNcmpc/Sp3ms כִּ/לְבָבֽ/וֹ 𐤊/𐤋𐤁𐤁/𐤅 kilevavo like his own according to his inner-core like his heart HR/Ncmsc/Sp3ms
Verse 9
Verse 11
Verse 14
רַ֣ק 𐤓𐤒 raq only only only HTa הַ֠/נָּשִׁים 𐤄/𐤍𐤔𐤉𐤌 hanashim the women the women the women HTd/Ncfpa וְ/הַ/טַּ֨ף 𐤅/𐤄/𐤈𐤐 vehataf and the little ones the toddling little ones and the children HC/Td/Ncmsa וְ/הַ/בְּהֵמָ֜ה 𐤅/𐤄/𐤁𐤄𐤌𐤄 vehabehemah and the livestock and the beast and the animal HC/Td/Ncfsa וְ/כֹל֩ 𐤅/𐤊𐤋 vekhol kila (Swahili) and all and the whole of and all of HC/Ncmsa אֲשֶׁ֨ר 𐤀𐤔𐤓 asher that that-which that HTr יִהְיֶ֥ה 𐤉𐤄𐤉𐤄 yiheyeh is he will come to be it will be HVqi3ms בָ/עִ֛יר 𐤁/𐤏𐤉𐤓 vair in the city in the vigilant settlement in the city HRd/Ncfsa כָּל 𐤊𐤋 kal kila (Swahili) all entirety of all of HNcmsc שְׁלָלָ֖/הּ 𐤔𐤋𐤋/𐤄 shelalah its spoil her plunder her spoils HNcmsc/Sp3fs תָּבֹ֣ז 𐤕𐤁𐤆 tavoz you shall take as plunder you will plunder you shall plunder HVqi2ms לָ֑/ךְ 𐤋/𐤊 lakhe for yourself for yourself HR/Sp2fs וְ/אָֽכַלְתָּ֙ 𐤅/𐤀𐤊𐤋𐤕 veakhaleta okèlè (Yoruba) and you shall use and you ate and you shall eat HC/Vqq2ms אֶת 𐤀𐤕 et the object-marker [·] HTo שְׁלַ֣ל 𐤔𐤋𐤋 shelal spoil plunder-spoil of plunder-spoils of HNcmsc אֹיְבֶ֔י/ךָ 𐤀𐤉𐤁𐤉/𐤊 oyeveykha of your enemies your hostile ones your enemies HVqrmpc/Sp2ms אֲשֶׁ֥ר 𐤀𐤔𐤓 asher-2 that that-which that HTr נָתַ֛ן 𐤍𐤕𐤍 natan has given he gave he gave HVqp3ms יְהוָ֥ה 𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤄 yehvah Nyambe (Lozi) the LORD Yahweh Yahweh HNp אֱלֹהֶ֖י/ךָ 𐤀𐤋𐤄𐤉/𐤊 eloheykha Mulimu (Lozi) your God your Mighty One your Elohim HNcmpc/Sp2ms לָֽ/ךְ 𐤋/𐤊 lakhe-2 to you to you HR/Sp2fs
Verse 16
Verse 17
Verse 18
Verse 19
כִּֽי 𐤊𐤉 ki When for/because when HC תָצ֣וּר 𐤕𐤑𐤅𐤓 tatsur you besiege you will besiege you besiege HVqi2ms אֶל 𐤀𐤋 el a toward against HR עִיר֩ 𐤏𐤉𐤓 ir city watchful settlement city HNcfsa יָמִ֨ים 𐤉𐤌𐤉𐤌 yamim for many days days days HNcmpa רַבִּ֜ים 𐤓𐤁𐤉𐤌 rabim many many great ones HAampa לְֽ/הִלָּחֵ֧ם 𐤋/𐤄𐤋𐤇𐤌 lehilachem to fight to engage in battle to wage war HR/VNc עָלֶ֣י/הָ 𐤏𐤋𐤉/𐤄 aleyha against it upon her against it HR/Sp3fs לְ/תָפְשָׂ֗/הּ 𐤋/𐤕𐤐𐤔/𐤄 letafesah to capture it to seize her to capture it HR/Vqc/Sp3fs לֹֽא 𐤋𐤀 lo you shall not not not HTn תַשְׁחִ֤ית 𐤕𐤔𐤇𐤉𐤕 tashechit destroy you will cause to ruin you will cause to ruin HVhi2ms אֶת 𐤀𐤕 et the object-marker [·] HTo עֵצָ/הּ֙ 𐤏𐤑/𐤄 etsah trees of it her tree its trees HNcmsc/Sp3fs לִ/נְדֹּ֤חַ 𐤋/𐤍𐤃𐤇 linedocha by wielding to drive away to wield HR/Vqc עָלָי/ו֙ 𐤏𐤋𐤉/𐤅 alayv against them upon him against it HR/Sp3ms גַּרְזֶ֔ן 𐤂𐤓𐤆𐤍 garezen an axe hewing-axe axe HNcmsa כִּ֚י 𐤊𐤉 ki-2 for for/because for HC מִמֶּ֣/נּוּ 𐤌𐤌/𐤍𐤅 mimenu from it from us from it HR/Sp1cp תֹאכֵ֔ל 𐤕𐤀𐤊𐤋 tokhel okèlè (Yoruba) you may eat you (ms) will eat you will eat HVqi2ms וְ/אֹת֖/וֹ 𐤅/𐤀𐤕/𐤅 veoto and them and him (object-marked) [·] HC/To/Sp3ms לֹ֣א 𐤋𐤀 lo-2 you shall not not not HTn תִכְרֹ֑ת 𐤕𐤊𐤓𐤕 tikherot kata (Swahili) cut down you will cut you will cut HVqi2ms כִּ֤י 𐤊𐤉 ki-3 for for/because for HC הָֽ/אָדָם֙ 𐤄/𐤀𐤃𐤌 haadam is man the earthling the human HTi/Ncmsa עֵ֣ץ 𐤏𐤑 ets the tree wood-tree of tree HNcmsc הַ/שָּׂדֶ֔ה 𐤄/𐤔𐤃𐤄 hasadeh of the field the open field the open field HTd/Ncmsa לָ/בֹ֥א 𐤋/𐤁𐤀 lavo to come to come in to come HR/Vqc מִ/פָּנֶ֖י/ךָ 𐤌/𐤐𐤍𐤉/𐤊 mipaneykha before you from your presence from before you HR/Ncbpc/Sp2ms בַּ/מָּצֽוֹר 𐤁/𐤌𐤑𐤅𐤓 bamatsor in the siege in the siege in the siege HRd/Ncmsa
Verse 20
רַ֞ק 𐤓𐤒 raq only only only HTa עֵ֣ץ 𐤏𐤑 ets tree wood-tree of tree HNcmsa אֲשֶׁר 𐤀𐤔𐤓 asher which that-which which HTr תֵּדַ֗ע 𐤕𐤃𐤏 teda you know you will know you will know HVqi2ms כִּֽי 𐤊𐤉 ki that for/because that HC לֹא 𐤋𐤀 lo not not not HTn עֵ֤ץ 𐤏𐤑 ets-2 tree wood-tree of tree HNcmsc מַאֲכָל֙ 𐤌𐤀𐤊𐤋 maakhal of food food of food HNcmsa ה֔וּא 𐤄𐤅𐤀 hu it he it HPp3ms אֹת֥/וֹ 𐤀𐤕/𐤅 oto it him [·] HTo/Sp3ms תַשְׁחִ֖ית 𐤕𐤔𐤇𐤉𐤕 tashechit you may destroy you will cause to ruin you will cause to ruin HVhi2ms וְ/כָרָ֑תָּ 𐤅/𐤊𐤓𐤕 vekharata kata (Swahili) and cut down and you cut off and you cut down HC/Vqq2ms וּ/בָנִ֣יתָ 𐤅/𐤁𐤍𐤉𐤕 uvanita akha (Zulu) and you shall build and you built and you build HC/Vqq2ms מָצ֗וֹר 𐤌𐤑𐤅𐤓 matsor siegeworks siege siegeworks HNcmsa עַל 𐤏𐤋 al against upon against HR הָ/עִיר֙ 𐤄/𐤏𐤉𐤓 hair the city the watchful settlement the city HTd/Ncfsa אֲשֶׁר 𐤀𐤔𐤓 asher-2 that that-which which HTr הִ֨וא 𐤄𐤅𐤀 hiv it she it HPp3fs עֹשָׂ֧ה 𐤏𐤔𐤄 osah makes the doing-one the doing-one HVqrfsa עִמְּ/ךָ֛ 𐤏𐤌/𐤊 imekha with you with you with you HR/Sp2ms מִלְחָמָ֖ה 𐤌𐤋𐤇𐤌𐤄 milechamah war armed conflict battle HNcfsa עַ֥ד 𐤏𐤃 ad until up to until HR רִדְתָּֽ/הּ 𐤓𐤃𐤕/𐤄 ridetah you have conquered it her descending you subdue it HVqc/Sp3fs