וַ/יַּכְבֵּ֤ד
𐤅/𐤉𐤊𐤁𐤃
vayakhebed
But hardened
or כָּבֵד; a primitive root; to be heavy, i.e. in a bad sense (burdensome, severe, dull) or in a good sense (numerous, rich, honorable; causatively, to make weighty (in the same two senses); abounding with, more grievously afflict, boast, be chargeable, [idiom] be dim, glorify, be (make) glorious (things), glory, (very) great, be grievous, harden, be (make) heavy, be heavier, lay heavily, (bring to, come to, do, get, be had in) honour (self), (be) honourable (man), lade, [idiom] more be laid, make self many, nobles, prevail, promote (to honour), be rich, be (go) sore, stop.
Exodus 8:28 · Word #1
Lexicon H3513
| Lemma | כָּבַד |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤊𐤁𐤃 |
| Transliteration | kâbad |
| Strong's | H3513 |
| In-context | But hardened |
Morphology HC/Vhw3ms
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | V — Verb — An action or state |
| Binyan | h — Hiphil — Causative active |
| Conjugation | w — Sequential Imperfect — Imperfect with waw-consecutive, narrating past events |
| Person | 3 — 3rd person — Third person ("he/she/they") |
| Gender | m — Masculine — Masculine |
| Number | s — Singular — Singular |
SIBI-P1 H3513-53
and he made heavy
| Root | כבד (k-b-d) |
| Core Meanings | heaviness, weight, burden, honor, severity, glory |
| Semantic Range | to make heavy, to harden (as the heart), to make burdensome, to honor or give weight to, to make severe or grievous |
| Conceptual Significance | The concept of "heaviness" in Hebrew thought bridges physical weight and social or spiritual gravity. A "heavy" heart can signify stubborn resistance, while "weight" also conveys honor and glory. Thus כבד unites the ideas of burden, severity, and honor within a single conceptual field of weightiness. |
| Morphological Notes | Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect (wayyiqtol), 3rd person masculine singular; causative verbal action introduced by conjunction וַ. |
| Rendering Rationale | The root כבד carries the core idea of heaviness or weight, whether physical, emotional, or honorific. In the Hiphil stem (causative) with waw-consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular, the form means "he caused to be heavy" or "he made heavy," preserving both the causative force and the masculine singular subject. |
AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)
Words from Root כבד (heaviness, weight, burden, honor, severity, glory)
| SILEX Code | Transliteration | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
H3513-01 |
akhabed | I will make weighty (with honor) |
H3513-02 |
akhabedekha | I will make you weighty |
H3513-03 |
akhebid | I will cause to be heavy |
Word Usage (116 occurrences of H3513)
| Location | Form | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Genesis 13:2 | כָּבֵ֣ד | kaved | was very rich |
| Genesis 18:20 | כָבְדָ֖ה | khavedah | is very grievous |
| Genesis 34:19 | נִכְבָּ֔ד | nikhebad | was honored / was more honorable |