Galatians 2

Paul recounts his visit to Jerusalem with Barnabas and Titus, where the apostles approved his gospel without requiring circumcision, affirming salvation by faith apart from works of the law[1][2][5]. He describes confronting Cephas (Peter) in Antioch for hypocrisy in withdrawing from Gentiles, declaring that a person is justified by faith in Christ, not by observing the law[2][5].

Interlinear Text

Verse 2 ἀνέβην aneben I went up I was ascending upward V AOR ACT IND 1P SG δὲ de and and-yet CONJ κατὰ kata according to down-according-to / down-from-against PREP ACC ἀποκάλυψιν apokalupsin a revelation an unveiling N ACC F SG καὶ kai and and/also CONJ ἀνεθέμην anethemen I submitted I was setting forth V AOR MID IND 1P SG αὐτοῖς autois to them to them themselves PRO.P 3P DAT M PL τὸ to the the (nominative neuter singular thing) ART ACC N SG εὐαγγέλιον euaggelion gospel the good-message N ACC N SG o which that-which (neuter singular subject) PRO.D ACC N SG κηρύσσω kerusso I preach I am heralding V PRS ACT IND 1P SG ἐν en among in (within/by means of, governing the dative) PREP DAT τοῖς tois the to the (masculine/neuter plural) ART DAT N PL ἔθνεσιν ethnesin Gentiles to the nations N DAT N PL κατ’ kat privately according-to / down-along (with accusative) PREP ACC ἰδίαν idian private one’s-own (feminine singular, accusative) PRO.X ACC F SG δὲ de-2 but and-yet CONJ τοῖς tois-2 those to the (masculine/neuter plural) PRO.D DAT M PL δοκοῦσιν dokousin who were of reputation they are-thinking / they are-seeming; to/for the thinking-seeming ones V PRS ACT PTCP DAT M PL μή me lest not (qualified/volitional negation) CONJ.S πως pos by any means in-what-way? ADV εἰς eis in into / unto (toward-and-into, governing the accusative) PREP ACC κενὸν kenon vain empty one / empty thing (accusative masculine singular; also attested as nominative or accusative neuter singular) ADJ.S ACC N SG τρέχω trecho I might be running I am running / that I may be running V PRS ACT SUBJ 1P SG e or or (disjunctive alternative) CONJ ἔδραμον edramon had run was running V AOR ACT IND 1P SG
Verse 6 ἀπὸ apo from away-from (governing the genitive) PREP GEN δὲ de but and-yet CONJ τῶν ton those the (masculine singular direct object) PRO.D GEN M PL δοκούντων dokounton who seemed of the ones seeming V PRS ACT PTCP GEN M PL εἶναί einai to be to be existing V PRS ACT INF τι ti something some one thing (or, in inquiry, what one thing?) PRO.I ACC N SG ὁποῖοί opoioi whatever what-kind-of ones PRO.Q NOM M PL ποτε pote formerly at-some-time ADV ἦσαν esan they were they were being V IMPF ACT IND 3P PL οὐδέν ouden no difference not-even-one-thing PRO.I NOM N SG μοι moi to me to me PRO.P 1P DAT SG διαφέρει diapherei makes a difference he/she/it was bearing-apart V PRS ACT IND 3P SG πρόσωπον prosopon person the face/presence (neuter singular, nominative or accusative) N ACC N SG o the the (masculine singular nominative) ART NOM M SG Θεὸς theos God the Divine-One (nominative masculine singular) N NOM M SG ἀνθρώπου anthropou of man of a human-being N GEN M SG οὐ ou not not (absolute negation) ADV λαμβάνει lambanei accepts he/she/it is taking hold (of) V PRS ACT IND 3P SG ἐμοὶ emoi to me to me PRO.P 1P DAT SG γὰρ gar for for (giving-reason) CONJ οἱ oi those the (masculine plural ones) PRO.D NOM M PL δοκοῦντες dokountes who seemed the ones supposing V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M PL οὐδὲν ouden-2 nothing not-even-one-thing PRO.I ACC N SG προσανέθεντο prosanethento added they were setting-before themselves in addition V AOR MID IND 3P PL
Verse 9 καὶ kai and and/also CONJ γνόντες gnontes recognizing having-come-to-know (masculine plural) V AOR ACT PTCP NOM M PL τὴν ten the the (feminine singular, direct-object) ART ACC F SG χάριν charin grace gracious-favor (accusative feminine singular) N ACC F SG τὴν ten-2 that the (feminine singular, direct-object) PRO.D ACC F SG δοθεῖσάν dotheisan given having-been-given (feminine singular, accusative) V AOR PASS PTCP ACC F SG μοι moi to me to me PRO.P 1P DAT SG Ἰάκωβος iakobos James Yaʿaqov (Heel-grasper) N NOM M SG καὶ kai-2 and and/also CONJ Κηφᾶς kephas Cephas Rock (Kepha) N NOM M SG καὶ kai-3 and and/also CONJ Ἰωάννης ioannes John Yohanan (masculine singular proper name, “YHWH-is-gracious”) N NOM M SG οἱ oi who the (masculine plural ones) PRO.D NOM M PL δοκοῦντες dokountes seemed the ones supposing V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M PL στῦλοι stuloi pillars standing-support pillars N NOM M PL εἶναι einai to be to be existing V PRS ACT INF δεξιὰς dexias right hand of the right-hand (feminine singular); right-hand (feminine plural, accusative) ADJ.S ACC F PL ἔδωκαν edokan gave they were giving V AOR ACT IND 3P PL ἐμοὶ emoi to me to me PRO.P 1P DAT SG καὶ kai-4 and and/also CONJ Βαρναβᾷ barnaba Barnabas of Barnabas (son-of-prophecy) N DAT M SG κοινωνίας koinonias of fellowship of shared-participation N GEN F SG ἵνα ina that in-order-that CONJ.S ἡμεῖς emeis we we ourselves PRO.P 1P NOM PL εἰς eis to into / unto (toward-and-into, governing the accusative) PREP ACC τὰ ta the the things ART ACC N PL ἔθνη ethne Gentiles the nations N ACC N PL αὐτοὶ autoi they they themselves PRO.P 3P NOM M PL δὲ de but and-yet CONJ εἰς eis-2 to into / unto (toward-and-into, governing the accusative) PREP ACC τὴν ten-3 the the (feminine singular, direct-object) ART ACC F SG περιτομήν peritomen circumcision the around-cutting (rite) N ACC F SG
Verse 12 πρὸ pro before before (in front of / prior to — governing the genitive) PREP GEN τοῦ tou the of the (masculine singular one) PRO.D GEN N SG γὰρ gar for for (giving-reason) CONJ ἐλθεῖν elthein to come to come (as a whole act) V AOR ACT INF τινας tinas certain men some certain ones (masculine plural, direct object) PRO.I ACC M PL ἀπὸ apo from away-from (governing the genitive) PREP GEN Ἰακώβου iakobou James of Iakōbos N GEN M SG μετὰ meta with with (in association with) PREP GEN τῶν ton the the (masculine singular direct object) ART GEN N PL ἐθνῶν ethnon Gentiles of the nations N GEN N PL συνήσθιεν sunesthien he ate he was eating together-with V IMPF ACT IND 3P SG ὅτε ote when at-which-time CONJ.S δὲ de but and-yet CONJ ἦλθον elthon they came having come (he); I was coming V AOR ACT IND 3P PL ὑπέστελλεν upestellen he withdrew he was drawing back under V IMPF ACT IND 3P SG καὶ kai and and/also CONJ ἀφώριζεν aphorizen separated he/she/it was separating off by boundary V IMPF ACT IND 3P SG ἑαυτόν eauton himself of themselves (3rd person genitive masculine plural) / himself (3rd person accusative masculine singular) PRO.X 3P ACC M SG φοβούμενος phoboumenos fearing the one who is fearing/revering (in himself) V PRS MID PTCP NOM M SG τοὺς tous those the (masculine-plural ones) PRO.D ACC M PL ἐκ ek of out-from (governing the genitive) PREP GEN περιτομῆς peritomes the circumcision of the cutting-around N GEN F SG
Verse 14 ἀλλ’ all But but rather (on-the-other-hand) CONJ ὅτε ote when at-which-time CONJ.S εἶδον eidon I saw they were beholding V AOR ACT IND 1P SG ὅτι oti that that (as the fact that) CONJ.S οὐκ ouk not not (absolute negation) ADV ὀρθοποδοῦσιν orthopodousin they walk uprightly they are walking straight-footedly V PRS ACT IND 3P PL πρὸς pros according to toward/unto PREP ACC τὴν ten the the (feminine singular, direct-object) ART ACC F SG ἀλήθειαν aletheian truth the unhiddenness N ACC F SG τοῦ tou of the of the (masculine singular one) ART GEN N SG εὐαγγελίου euaggeliou gospel of the good-message N GEN N SG εἶπον eipon I said they were laying-forth (in words) V AOR ACT IND 1P SG τῷ to to the (nominative neuter singular thing) ART DAT M SG Κηφᾷ kepha Peter of Kepha the Rock (masculine singular) N DAT M SG ἔμπροσθεν emprosthen before in-front-of PREP GEN πάντων panton all of all (masculine/neuter plural) PRO.I GEN M PL εἰ ei If if (conditional particle) CONJ.S σὺ su you you (singular, as subject) PRO.P 2P NOM SG Ἰουδαῖος ioudaios a Jew a Judean man (of Judah) ADJ.P NOM M SG ὑπάρχων uparchon being the one existing (present and at-hand) V PRS ACT PTCP NOM M SG ἐθνικῶς ethnikos like a Gentile in a Gentile-nation manner ADV καὶ kai and and/also CONJ οὐκ ouk-2 not not (absolute negation) ADV Ἰουδαϊκῶς ioudaikos like a Jew in a Judean manner ADV ζῇς zes live you are living V PRS ACT IND 2P SG πῶς pos how in-what-manner? ADV τὰ ta the the things ART ACC N PL ἔθνη ethne Gentiles the nations N ACC N PL ἀναγκάζεις anagkazeis you compel you are compelling under necessity V PRS ACT IND 2P SG Ἰουδαΐζειν ioudaizein to live like Jews to be Judaizing (to be living as a Judean) V PRS ACT INF
Verse 16 εἰδότες eidotes knowing the having-seen-and-now-knowing (ones) V PRF ACT PTCP NOM M PL δὲ de that and-yet CONJ ὅτι oti that that (as the fact that) CONJ.S οὐ ou not not (absolute negation) ADV δικαιοῦται dikaioutai is justified is being declared-righteous V PRS PASS IND 3P SG ἄνθρωπος anthropos one human-being (man) N NOM M SG ἐξ ex by out-from (governing the genitive) PREP GEN ἔργων ergon works a work-deed N GEN N PL νόμου nomou of law of the apportioned-law N GEN M SG ἐὰν ean if if-ever (in case that) CONJ.S μὴ me not not (qualified/volitional negation) ADV διὰ dia through through (by means of) PREP GEN πίστεως pisteos faith of trust N GEN F SG Ἰησοῦ iesou of Jesus of/to Yahweh-is-salvation (masculine singular) N GEN M SG Χριστοῦ christou Christ of the Anointed-One N GEN M SG καὶ kai even and/also ADV ἡμεῖς emeis we we ourselves PRO.P 1P NOM PL εἰς eis in into / unto (toward-and-into, governing the accusative) PREP ACC Χριστὸν christon Christ the Anointed One N ACC M SG Ἰησοῦν iesoun Jesus Yahweh-is-Salvation (accusative, masculine singular) N ACC M SG ἐπιστεύσαμεν episteusamen have believed we were placing-our-trust V AOR ACT IND 1P PL ἵνα ina that in-order-that CONJ.S δικαιωθῶμεν dikaiothomen we might be justified that we might be right-declared V AOR PASS SUBJ 1P PL ἐκ ek by out-from (governing the genitive) PREP GEN πίστεως pisteos-2 faith of trust N GEN F SG Χριστοῦ christou-2 of Christ of the Anointed-One N GEN M SG καὶ kai-2 and and/also CONJ οὐκ ouk not not (absolute negation) ADV ἐξ ex-2 by out-from (governing the genitive) PREP GEN ἔργων ergon-2 works a work-deed N GEN N PL νόμου nomou-2 of law of the apportioned-law N GEN M SG ὅτι oti-2 because that (as the fact that) CONJ.S ἐξ ex-3 by out-from (governing the genitive) PREP GEN ἔργων ergon-3 works a work-deed N GEN N PL νόμου nomou-3 of law of the apportioned-law N GEN M SG οὐ ou-2 no not (absolute negation) ADV δικαιωθήσεται dikaiothesetai will be justified he/she/it will be declared-righteous V FUT PASS IND 3P SG πᾶσα pasa any every (feminine singular, nominative) QUAN NOM F SG σάρξ sarx flesh the flesh N NOM F SG
Verse 20 ζῶ zo I live I am living V PRS ACT IND 1P SG δὲ de but and-yet CONJ οὐκέτι ouketi no longer not-still (any longer) ADV ἐγώ ego I I myself PRO.P 1P NOM SG ζῇ ze lives he/she/it is living V PRS ACT IND 3P SG δὲ de-2 but and-yet CONJ ἐν en in in (within/by means of, governing the dative) PREP DAT ἐμοὶ emoi me to me PRO.P 1P DAT SG Χριστός christos Christ Anointed One N NOM M SG o which that-which (neuter singular subject) PRO.R ACC N SG δὲ de-3 and and-yet CONJ νῦν nun now now (at this present time) ADV ζῶ zo-2 I live I am living V PRS ACT IND 1P SG ἐν en-2 in in (within/by means of, governing the dative) PREP DAT σαρκί sarki flesh in flesh N DAT F SG ἐν en-3 by in (within/by means of, governing the dative) PREP DAT πίστει pistei faith by trust N DAT F SG ζῶ zo-3 I live I am living V PRS ACT IND 1P SG τῇ te the to the (feminine singular) PRO.D DAT F SG τοῦ tou of the of the (masculine singular one) ART GEN M SG Υἱοῦ uiou Son of a son N GEN M SG τοῦ tou-2 of of the (masculine singular one) ART GEN M SG Θεοῦ theou God of the Deity N GEN M SG τοῦ tou-3 who of the (masculine singular one) PRO.D GEN M SG ἀγαπήσαντός agapesantos loved of the having-loved (one) V AOR ACT PTCP GEN M SG με me me not (in will, command, or possibility) PRO.P 1P ACC SG καὶ kai and and/also CONJ παραδόντος paradontos gave of the one having-handed-over V AOR ACT PTCP GEN M SG ἑαυτὸν eauton himself of themselves (3rd person genitive masculine plural) / himself (3rd person accusative masculine singular) PRO.X 3P ACC M SG ὑπὲρ uper for over/beyond (on behalf of when governing the genitive; beyond/more than when governing the accusative) PREP GEN ἐμοῦ emou me of me PRO.P 1P GEN SG