אַלֻּפִ֖ים
𐤀𐤋𐤐𐤉𐤌
alufim
friends
or (shortened) אַלֻּף; from אָלַף; familiar; a friend, also gentle; hence, a bullock (as being tame; applied, although masculine, to a cow); and so, a chieftain (as notable, like neat cattle); captain, duke, (chief) friend, governor, guide, ox.
Jeremiah 13:21 · Word #10
Lexicon H441
| Lemma | אַלּוּף |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤀𐤋𐤅𐤐 |
| Transliteration | ʼallûwph |
| Strong's | H441 |
| In-context | friends |
Morphology HNcmpa
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | N — Noun — A person, place, thing, or idea |
| Subtype | c — Common — Common noun |
| Gender | m — Masculine — Masculine |
| Number | p — Plural — Plural |
| State | a — Absolute — The noun stands independently |
SIBI-P1 H441-06
familiar clan-chiefs
| Root | אלף (ʾ-l-p̄) |
| Core Meanings | familiarity, taming, training, intimate association, leadership |
| Semantic Range | close companions, trusted friends, tribal chiefs, clan leaders, governors, tamed oxen (in other contexts) |
| Conceptual Significance | In tribal contexts, אַלּוּף designates recognized heads of clans, especially among Edomite lineages. The term reflects a social structure rooted in close kinship bonds, where leadership arises from familiarity, training, and established relational authority. |
| Morphological Notes | Masculine plural absolute noun (HNcmpa) from אַלּוּף (H441). No pronominal suffix; functions as a common masculine plural substantive. |
| Rendering Rationale | The noun אַלֻּפִים is masculine plural absolute, so the rendering preserves the plural form with "chiefs." The root אלף conveys the idea of familiarity or being trained/tamed, which developed into the sense of a close companion and then a recognized clan leader; "familiar clan-chiefs" reflects both the relational and leadership dimensions embedded in the root. |
AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)
Words from Root אלף (familiarity, taming, training, intimate association, leadership)
| SILEX Code | Transliteration | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
H506-01 |
alaf | a thousand |
H504-01 |
alafeykha | your clan-thousands |
H505-01 |
alafim | thousands |
Word Usage (69 occurrences of H441)
| Location | Form | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Genesis 36:15 | אַלּוּפֵ֣י | alufey | chiefs of |
| Genesis 36:15 | אַלּ֤וּף | aluf | chief |
| Genesis 36:15 | אַלּ֣וּף | aluf-2 | chief |