sour wine (accusative singular)
| Root | ὄξος (oxos) |
| Core Meanings | vinegar, sour wine, sharp wine |
| Semantic Range | vinegar; sour or diluted wine; cheap wine commonly consumed by soldiers and laborers; sharp-tasting fermented drink |
| Conceptual Significance | In the Gospel narratives, ὄξος is associated with the drink offered to Yeshua during the crucifixion, highlighting themes of suffering, humiliation, and the fulfillment of Scripture (e.g., Psalm 69:21). It reflects a common, low-status beverage rather than refined wine, underscoring the scene’s stark realism. |
| Morphological Notes | Noun, accusative, neuter, singular (Gr,N,,,,,ANS,). Functions typically as the direct object of a verb; neuter gender with singular number. |
| Rendering Rationale | The rendering "sour wine" reflects the core meaning of ὄξος, denoting acidic or sharp wine (vinegar). The accusative singular form is preserved by noting its function as a singular direct object in context, maintaining both number and case without introducing interpretive additions. |
AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)