εἶδον
eidon
they saw
properly, to stare at (compare ὀπτάνομαι), i.e. (by implication) to discern clearly (physically or mentally); by extension, to attend to; by Hebraism, to experience; passively, to appear:--behold, perceive, see, take heed.
John 19:33 · Word #7
Lexicon G3708
| Lemma | ὁράω |
| Transliteration | horáō |
| Strong's | G3708 |
| In-context | they saw |
| Literal | they-saw |
Morphology V AOR ACT IND 3P PL
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | V — Verb — An action or state of being |
| Tense | AOR — Aorist — Simple occurrence, often past |
| Voice | ACT — Active — The subject performs the action |
| Mood | IND — Indicative — States a fact or reality |
| Person | 3P — 3rd person — The one spoken about ("he/she/it/they") |
| Number | PL — Plural — More than one |
Lexical Info
| Lemma | ὁράω |
| Strong's | G3708 |
SIBI-P1 G3708-07
they were beholding
| Root | ὁράω (horáō) |
| Core Meanings | to see, to behold, to perceive, to discern, to experience, to appear |
| Semantic Range | to see with the eyes; to perceive mentally; to notice or recognize; to experience; to witness; to appear (in passive forms) |
| Conceptual Significance | In biblical usage, ὁράω often extends beyond physical sight to spiritual perception or revelatory experience. Seeing can signify understanding divine truth, witnessing mighty acts, or encountering God’s self-disclosure, making the verb central to themes of revelation and testimony. |
| Morphological Notes | Verb; imperfect tense, active voice, indicative mood; 3rd person plural. The imperfect denotes continuous or repeated action in past time. |
| Rendering Rationale | The rendering "they were beholding" preserves the core sense of ὁράω as active, attentive seeing or perceiving. The imperfect active indicative, third person plural form is reflected by "they were," conveying ongoing past action, and "beholding" retains the vivid, perceptive nuance of the root rather than a simple punctiliar "saw." |
AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)
Words from Root ὁράω (to see, to behold, to perceive, to discern, to experience, to appear)
| SILEX Code | Transliteration | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
G3708-01 |
eidamen | we were beholding |
G3708-02 |
eidan | they caught sight |
G3708-03 |
eiden | he/she was beholding |
Word Usage (684 occurrences of G3708)
| Location | Form | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 1:20 | ἰδοὺ | idou | behold |
| Matthew 1:23 | ἰδοὺ | idou | Behold |
| Matthew 2:1 | ἰδοὺ | idou | behold |