ἐφ’
eph
over
a primary preposition; properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e. over, upon, etc.; of rest (with the dative case) at, on, etc.; of direction (with the accusative case) towards, upon, etc.:--about (the times), above, after, against, among, as long as (touching), at, beside, X have charge of, (be-, (where-))fore, in (a place, as much as, the time of, -to), (because) of, (up-)on (behalf of), over, (by, for) the space of, through(-out), (un-)to(-ward), with. In compounds it retains essentially the same import, at, upon, etc. (literally or figuratively).
Luke 12:14 · Word #12
Lexicon G1909
| Lemma | ἐπί |
| Transliteration | epí |
| Strong's | G1909 |
| In-context | over |
| Literal | over |
Morphology PREP ACC
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | PREP — Preposition — Shows relationship between words |
| Case | ACC — Accusative — Direct object or extent |
Lexical Info
| Lemma | ἐπί |
| Strong's | G1909 |
SIBI-P1 G1909-02
upon (toward)
| Root | ἐπί (epí) |
| Core Meanings | upon, on, over, toward, against, on the basis of, over the span of |
| Semantic Range | onto, toward, against, upon, over, for the duration of, on the basis of, in addition to (depending on context and case usage) |
| Conceptual Significance | ἐπί is a theologically significant preposition in the Greek Scriptures, often marking direction toward a person (e.g., faith upon Messiah), divine authority set over others, or events occurring upon a people. Its accusative usage frequently conveys purposeful movement or intentional orientation toward an object or person. |
| Morphological Notes | Preposition (Gr,P) governing the accusative case (A); in this form ἐφ’ is an elided spelling of ἐπί before a vowel. With the accusative it denotes motion toward, onto, or against an object. |
| Rendering Rationale | The preposition ἐπί fundamentally conveys the idea of superimposition or placement upon. With the accusative case (as indicated in the morphology), it expresses motion or direction toward and onto something, hence "upon (toward)" to preserve both the root sense of superimposition and the directional force of the accusative. |
AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)
Words from Root ἐπί (upon, on, over, toward, against, on the basis of, over the span of)
| SILEX Code | Transliteration | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
G1909-01 |
ep | upon / onto / over (resting on with dative; moving onto with accusative) |
G1909-03 |
epi | upon/over (with genitive), upon/at rest on (with dative), onto/toward upon (with accusative) |
Word Usage (887 occurrences of G1909)
| Location | Form | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 1:11 | ἐπὶ | epi | at |
| Matthew 3:7 | ἐπὶ | epi | to |
| Matthew 3:13 | ἐπὶ | epi |