ἐξέστησαν
exestesan
they were astonished
from ἐκ and ἵστημι; to put (stand) out of wits, i.e. astound, or (reflexively) become astounded, insane:--amaze, be (make) astonished, be beside self (selves), bewitch, wonder.
Mark 5:42 · Word #13
Lexicon G1839
| Lemma | ἐξίστημι |
| Transliteration | exístēmi |
| Strong's | G1839 |
| In-context | they were astonished |
| Literal | they-were-astounded |
Morphology V AOR ACT IND 3P PL
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | V — Verb — An action or state of being |
| Tense | AOR — Aorist — Simple occurrence, often past |
| Voice | ACT — Active — The subject performs the action |
| Mood | IND — Indicative — States a fact or reality |
| Person | 3P — 3rd person — The one spoken about ("he/she/it/they") |
| Number | PL — Plural — More than one |
Lexical Info
| Lemma | ἐξίστημι |
| Strong's | G1839 |
SIBI-P1 G1839-04
they were standing-out (of themselves)
| Root | ἐξίστημι (existēmi) |
| Core Meanings | to stand out, to displace, to remove from position, to astonish, to be beside oneself |
| Semantic Range | to amaze, to astound, to drive out of one’s senses, to be beside oneself, to be overwhelmed with wonder or shock |
| Conceptual Significance | In biblical narrative, this term often describes a profound reaction to divine power or revelation—people are so overwhelmed that they are figuratively "moved out of their standing." It conveys not mild surprise but a destabilizing encounter with God’s works, underscoring the transformative impact of divine action. |
| Morphological Notes | Verb; imperfect tense, active voice, indicative mood, third person plural (Gr,V,IAA3,,P,). The imperfect denotes continuous or repeated action in past time. |
| Rendering Rationale | The verb ἐξίστημι combines ἐκ (out of) and ἵστημι (to stand), literally meaning "to stand out" or "to displace." In the imperfect active indicative, third person plural, it describes an ongoing past action performed by the subject: "they were standing-out." The parenthetical "(of themselves)" reflects the idiomatic sense of being beside oneself while preserving the active voice and imperfect aspect. |
AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)
Word Usage (17 occurrences of G1839)
| Location | Form | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 12:23 | ἐξίσταντο | existanto | |
| Mark 2:12 | ἐξίστασθαι | existasthai | they were amazed |
| Mark 3:21 | ἐξέστη | exeste | he is beside himself |