πονηροῦ
ponerou
from a derivative of πόνος; hurtful, i.e. evil (properly, in effect or influence, and thus differing from κακός, which refers rather to essential character, as well as from σαπρός, which indicates degeneracy from original virtue); figuratively, calamitous; also (passively) ill, i.e. diseased; but especially (morally) culpable, i.e. derelict, vicious, facinorous; neuter (singular) mischief, malice, or (plural) guilt; masculine (singular) the devil, or (plural) sinners:--bad, evil, grievous, harm, lewd, malicious, wicked(-ness). See also πονηρότερος.
Matthew 13:38 · Word #24
Lexicon G4190
| Lemma | πονηρός |
| Transliteration | ponērós |
| Strong's | G4190 |
Morphology ADJ.S GEN M SG
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | ADJ.S — Substantive Adjective — An adjective functioning as a noun |
| Case | GEN — Genitive — Possession, source, or separation |
| Gender | M — Masculine — Grammatical masculine |
| Number | SG — Singular — One |
Lexical Info
| Lemma | πονηρός |
| Strong's | G4190 |
SIBI-P1 G4190-10
of the toilsome-harmful (one/thing)
| Root | πονηρός (ponēros) |
| Core Meanings | toilsome, burdensome, harmful, evil, malicious, morally corrupt |
| Semantic Range | harmful, injurious, morally evil, malicious, wicked, oppressive, diseased; as a substantive, “the evil one” (the adversary) or “evil” as a destructive force |
| Conceptual Significance | In the biblical text, πονηρός often characterizes active, harmful evil—whether human wickedness or the personal adversary (“the evil one”). Its root connection to toil and pain underscores evil as that which causes burdensome harm and destructive suffering, highlighting both moral culpability and tangible injurious effect. |
| Morphological Notes | Adjective, genitive singular masculine or genitive singular neuter (Gr,NS/AA,,,,GMS/GNS). The genitive case denotes possession, source, description, or association; number is singular; gender may be masculine (referring to a person, e.g., “the evil one”) or neuter (referring to a thing, e.g., “evil” as a quality or act). |
| Rendering Rationale | The adjective πονηρός derives from πόνος (toil, labor, pain), conveying what brings burdensome harm or injurious effect. The form πονηροῦ is genitive singular masculine or neuter, so the rendering includes the genitive sense (“of the”) and preserves the adjectival force, allowing for either a personal (“one”) or impersonal (“thing”) referent depending on context. |
AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)
Words from Root πονηρός (toilsome, burdensome, harmful, evil, malicious, morally corrupt)
| SILEX Code | Transliteration | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
G4190-01 |
ponera | harm-bringing things |
G4190-02 |
ponerai | the harm-bringing ones (feminine, nominative plural) |
G4190-03 |
poneras | of a harm-working (feminine) |
Word Usage (76 occurrences of G4190)
| Location | Form | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 5:11 | πονηρὸν | poneron | |
| Matthew 5:37 | πονηροῦ | ponerou | |
| Matthew 5:39 | πονηρῷ | ponero |