הַ/שָּֽׁמֶשׁ
𐤄/𐤔𐤌𐤔
hashamesh
of the sun
from an unused root meaning to be brilliant; the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e. (architectural) a notched battlement; [phrase] east side(-ward), sun (rising), [phrase] west(-ward), window. See also בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ.
H8121
Numbers 21:11 · Word #12
Lexicon H8121
| Lemma | שֶׁמֶשׁ |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤔𐤌𐤔 |
| Transliteration | shemesh |
| Strong's | H8121 |
| In-context | of the sun |
Morphology HTd/Ncbsa
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | N — Noun — A person, place, thing, or idea |
| Subtype | c — Common — Common noun |
| Gender | b — Both — Both (masculine and feminine) |
| Number | s — Singular — Singular |
| State | a — Absolute — The noun stands independently |
SIBI-P1 H8121-02
the Brilliant Sun
| Root | שמש (š-m-š) |
| Core Meanings | brilliance, radiance, shining, solar light |
| Semantic Range | the physical sun; sunlight; east (direction of sunrise); west (by extension of solar movement); a ray of light; architectural projection (battlement); window (as source of light) |
| Conceptual Significance | The sun in the Hebrew Bible signifies created brilliance and ordered time (days, seasons), serving as a marker of divine governance over creation. While surrounding cultures deified the sun, Israel’s Scriptures consistently present it as a created luminary under YHWH’s authority, embodying sustained radiance rather than divinity itself. |
| Morphological Notes | Definite article (הַ) + noun common gender singular absolute (Ncbsa). The noun שֶׁמֶשׁ is grammatically common gender and singular in this form. |
| Rendering Rationale | The noun שֶׁמֶשׁ derives from a root conveying brilliance and shining. The form includes the definite article (הַ) and is a common singular absolute noun, so it is rendered as a definite singular: "the Brilliant Sun," preserving both the root sense of radiance and the grammatical definiteness and number. |
AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)
Words from Root שמש (brilliance, radiance, shining, solar light)
| SILEX Code | Transliteration | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
H8121-01 |
bashemesh | in the blazing sun |
H8121-03 |
hashemesh | the Brilliant Sun |
H1030-01 |
hashimeshi | the Sun-House man |
H8121-04 |
khashemesh | like the radiant sun |
H8121-05 |
lashamesh | to the shining sun |
H8121-06 |
lashemesh | to the brilliant sun |
H8123-01 |
leshimeshon | for the Sun-like one |
H8121-07 |
shamesh | radiant sun |
H8121-08 |
shemesh | shining sun |
H8121-09 |
shimeshah | her shining sun |
H8121-10 |
shimeshekhe | your shining sun (addressed to a woman) |
H8123-02 |
shimeshon | Sun-Man |
H8121-11 |
shimeshotayikhe | your suns |
H8121-12 |
vashamesh | and radiant sun |
H8121-13 |
vehashemesh | and the radiant sun |
H8121-14 |
velashemesh | and to the radiant sun |
H8124-01 |
veshimeshay | and Shimshai (the Sun-like one) |
Word Usage (134 occurrences of H8121)
| Location | Form | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Genesis 15:12 | הַ/שֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ | hashemesh | the sun |
| Genesis 15:17 | הַ/שֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙ | hashemesh | the sun |
| Genesis 19:23 | הַ/שֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ | hashemesh | the sun |