ὑπὸ

upo-2

by

a primary preposition; under, i.e. (with the genitive case) of place (beneath), or with verbs (the agency or means, through); (with the accusative case) of place (whither (underneath) or where (below) or time (when (at)):--among, by, from, in, of, under, with. In the comparative, it retains the same general applications, especially of inferior position or condition, and specially, covertly or moderately.

G5259

Romans 13:1 · Word #17

Lexicon G5259

Lemmaὑπό
Transliterationhypó
Strong'sG5259
In-contextby
Literalby

Morphology PREP GEN All morphology codes

Part of Speech PREP — Preposition — Shows relationship between words
Case GEN — Genitive — Possession, source, or separation

Lexical Info

Lemmaὑπό
Strong'sG5259

SIBI-P1 G5259-03

under (with genitive: by the agency/source of)

Morphological NotesPreposition (Gr,P) governing the genitive case (G). With the genitive, it typically denotes agency, source, or position under; with other cases (not present here) it can denote motion under or subordination.
Rendering RationaleThe core spatial meaning of ὑπό is "under" or "beneath." When governing the genitive case, as indicated by the morphology (preposition + genitive), it commonly expresses agency, source, or means—hence "by the agency of" or "from under." This rendering preserves the underlying spatial metaphor while reflecting its grammatical construction with the genitive.

View full lexicon entry for G5259 →

AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)

Words from Root ὑπό (under, beneath, by agency of, from under, under authority of)

SILEX Code Transliteration SIBI-P1
G5259-01 up under—by the agency of (with genitive) / beneath toward (with accusative)
G5259-02 uph under (by the agency of—with the genitive; down under/toward under—with the accusative)

Word Usage (221 occurrences of G5259)

Location Form Transliteration Meaning
Matthew 1:22 ὑπὸ upo by
Matthew 2:15 ὑπὸ upo by
Matthew 2:16 ὑπὸ upo by
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