מִגְדּוֹל

𐤌𐤂𐤃𐤅𐤋

Migedol

H4024 noun

SILEX Entry

Root uncertain fortress, tower, elevated structure

Definition

Proper noun: A fortified locality or city in Egypt, referenced as a landmark or border location in the Hebrew Bible, especially in narratives related to the Exodus and prophetic oracles. Common noun: Tower, a structure built for defense, watch, or as a prominent elevated feature; occasionally used metaphorically for strength or security. The term can denote literal architectural towers in fortifications, watchposts, or walled cities and may also serve as a toponym for sites named for such structures.

Semantic Range

fortified tower, watchtower, defensive structure, prominent elevation, place-name (Egyptian border locality), metaphor for strength or security

Root / Etymology

The form מִגְדּוֹל (migdôl) is a loanword, most likely of Egyptian origin, cognate with Egyptian 'mktr' ('fortress', 'tower'). The word is not transparently derivable from the common Hebrew root גָּדַל (גדל) 'to grow, be great' despite the superficial similarity; it entered Hebrew as a designation for defensive or significant structures, and the related place-names likely reflect sites noted for such features.

Historical & Contextual Notes

In the Hebrew Bible, מִגְדּוֹל appears both as a common noun ('tower', e.g., Genesis 11:4, Judges 8:9,12) and as a proper noun referring to a prominent Egyptian locality (e.g., Exodus 14:2, Numbers 33:7-8, Jeremiah 44:1, 46:14) near the northeastern border of Egypt. In prophecy and geographical lists, 'Migdol' marks a strategic or border location. The term is distinct from מִצְפָּה (mizpah), which typically means 'watchtower' or 'lookout,' though both refer to elevated monitoring structures. Later English translations may render the toponym as 'Migdol' or translate it generically as 'tower,' but the latter risks obscuring its use as a specific place. Over time, the term's architectural sense remained stable, while the place-name sense became less prominent outside biblical contexts.

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

or מִגְדֹּל; probably of Egyptian origin; Migdol, a place in Egypt; Migdol, tower.

Bantu Hebrew

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Root Family

uncertain (uncertain (Egyptian loanword)) — fortress, tower, elevated defensive structure

Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H1085 בִּלְדַּד Bildad
H1095 בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר Belteshatsar
H1114 בִּלְשָׁן Bilshan
H1150 בִּנְעָא Bin'a
H116 אֱדַיִן and then

Word Forms

4 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 Occurrences
H4024-02 מִגְדֹּ֖ל migedol HNp Migdol Fortress-Tower 3
H4024-03 מִ/מִּגְדֹּ֥ל mimigedol HR/Np from Migdol from Migdol 2
H4024-04 בְ/מִגְדּ֔וֹל vemigedol HR/Np in Migdol in Migdol 1
H4024-01 בְּ/מִגְדֹּל֙ bemigedol HR/Np in Migdol in Fortress-Migdol 1

Occurrences in Scripture

7 total occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1
H4024-02 Exodus 14:2 מִגְדֹּ֖ל migedol HNp Migdol Fortress-Tower
H4024-02 Numbers 33:7 מִגְדֹּֽל migedol HNp Migdol Fortress-Tower
H4024-02 2 Samuel 22:51 מִגְדּ֖וֹל migedol HNcmsc tower Fortress-Tower
H4024-01 Jeremiah 44:1 בְּ/מִגְדֹּל֙ bemigedol HR/Np in Migdol in Fortress-Migdol
H4024-04 Jeremiah 46:14 בְ/מִגְדּ֔וֹל vemigedol HR/Np in Migdol in Migdol
H4024-03 Ezekiel 29:10 מִ/מִּגְדֹּ֥ל mimigedol HR/Np from Migdol from Migdol
H4024-03 Ezekiel 30:6 מִ/מִּגְדֹּ֣ל mimigedol HR/Np from-Migdol from Migdol