A type of venomous serpent, specifically a viper, recognized in ancient Israelite contexts as a dangerous, venomous snake. The term is used to denote a particular species of serpent, often referenced in poetic or prophetic passages to symbolize lethal threat or cunning. In some contexts, the word can allude metaphorically to hidden danger or unexpected peril.

Etymology Root/Etymology: Root uncertain. Although traditionally connected to a root meaning 'to extrude' or 'to spit/hiss,' there is no securely attested root צפע in Biblical Hebrew. The noun צֶפַע appears as an independent lexical item for 'viper'; the denominative verb צִפְעֹנִי (tsiph'oní) shares a plausible relationship, but the underlying root is not found elsewhere.

Reflexes  · not yet grouped by proto-form

LanguageWordMeaningSegmentationRoot
Bemba nsoka snake
Chichewa nyoka snake
Kikuyu nyoka snake, serpent
Kinyarwanda inyoka snake
Lingala nyoka snake
Makua nyoka snake
Shona nyoka snake, serpent
Sukuma nyooka snake
Swahili nyoka snake
Tonga nyoka snake, serpent
Xhosa inyoka snake, serpent
Zulu inyoka snake, serpent