ἐπ’
ep
against
a primary preposition; properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e. over, upon, etc.; of rest (with the dative case) at, on, etc.; of direction (with the accusative case) towards, upon, etc.:--about (the times), above, after, against, among, as long as (touching), at, beside, X have charge of, (be-, (where-))fore, in (a place, as much as, the time of, -to), (because) of, (up-)on (behalf of), over, (by, for) the space of, through(-out), (un-)to(-ward), with. In compounds it retains essentially the same import, at, upon, etc. (literally or figuratively).
Acts 13:51 · Word #8
Lexicon G1909
| Lemma | ἐπί |
| Transliteration | epí |
| Strong's | G1909 |
| In-context | against |
| Literal | upon |
Morphology PREP ACC
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | PREP — Preposition — Shows relationship between words |
| Case | ACC — Accusative — Direct object or extent |
Lexical Info
| Lemma | ἐπί |
| Strong's | G1909 |
SIBI-P1 G1909-01
upon / onto / over (resting on with dative; moving onto with accusative)
| Root | ἐπί (epí) |
| Core Meanings | upon, on, over, toward, against, over and above, on the basis of |
| Semantic Range | on, upon, over, against, toward, at, during (of time), on the basis of, in addition to, in authority over, because of |
| Conceptual Significance | ἐπί expresses the relational concept of superimposition—authority over, foundation upon, movement toward, or time spanning over. In biblical theology it frequently marks divine authority placed over people, actions done upon a foundation (such as a name), or events occurring within a divinely appointed time frame. |
| Morphological Notes | Preposition (Gr,P) governing different cases. With the dative case it denotes position or rest upon; with the accusative case it denotes motion or direction onto or toward; with the genitive (noted in lexeme though not in these forms) it can express extension over or basis upon. |
| Rendering Rationale | The rendering preserves the core idea of superimposition—something placed or occurring upon or over something else. The dative form expresses position or rest upon, while the accusative form expresses motion or direction onto, and both nuances are reflected in the paired English expressions. |
AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)
Words from Root ἐπί (upon, on, over, toward, against, over and above, on the basis of)
| SILEX Code | Transliteration | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
G1909-02 |
eph | upon (toward) |
G1909-03 |
epi | upon/over (with genitive), upon/at rest on (with dative), onto/toward upon (with accusative) |
Word Usage (887 occurrences of G1909)
| Location | Form | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Matthew 1:11 | ἐπὶ | epi | at |
| Matthew 3:7 | ἐπὶ | epi | to |
| Matthew 3:13 | ἐπὶ | epi |