סֹֽפְדִ֑ים
𐤎𐤐𐤃𐤉𐤌
sofedim
mourn
a primitive root; properly, to tear the hair and beat the breasts (as Orientals do in grief); generally to lament; by implication, to wail; lament, mourn(-er), wail.
Isaiah 32:12 · Word #3
Lexicon H5594
| Lemma | סָפַד |
| Lemma (Paleo) | 𐤎𐤐𐤃 |
| Transliteration | çâphad |
| Strong's | H5594 |
| In-context | mourn |
Morphology HVqrmpa
All morphology codes
| Part of Speech | V — Verb — An action or state |
| Binyan | q — Qal — Simple active |
| Conjugation | r — Participle Active — The one doing the action |
| Gender | m — Masculine — Masculine |
| Number | p — Plural — Plural |
| State | a — Absolute — The noun stands independently |
SIBI-P1 H5594-09
lamenting men
| Root | ספד (s-p-d) |
| Core Meanings | ritual mourning, lamentation, wailing in grief, public expressions of sorrow |
| Semantic Range | to lament, to mourn publicly, to wail in grief, to perform ritual acts of mourning, to express deep sorrow over death or disaster |
| Conceptual Significance | This root evokes the embodied, communal practices of grief in ancient Israel, where mourning involved audible wailing and visible gestures. It underscores the seriousness of loss and the covenantal community’s shared participation in sorrow. |
| Morphological Notes | Verb in Qal stem, masculine plural participle, absolute form. Denotes active, ongoing action performed by masculine plural subjects. |
| Rendering Rationale | The Qal participle expresses ongoing or characteristic action, so "lamenting" reflects active mourning. The masculine plural form is preserved by rendering it "men," making explicit the gender and number encoded in the Hebrew participle. |
AI-generated (openai/gpt-5.2-chat-latest)
Words from Root ספד (ritual mourning, lamentation, wailing in grief, public expressions of sorrow)
| SILEX Code | Transliteration | SIBI-P1 |
|---|---|---|
H5594-01 |
esepedah | let me wail in mourning |
H4553-01 |
hamiseped | the wailing-lament |
H5594-02 |
hasofedim | the breast-beating mourners |
Word Usage (32 occurrences of H5594)
| Location | Form | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Genesis 23:2 | לִ/סְפֹּ֥ד | lisepod | to mourn |
| Genesis 50:10 | וַ/יִּ֨סְפְּדוּ | vayisepedu | and they mourned |
| 1 Samuel 25:1 | וַ/יִּסְפְּדוּ | vayisepedu | and lamented |