Ecclesiastes 12
The Preacher urges the young to remember their Creator before old age brings physical decline, depicted poetically as trembling keepers (arms), bowing strong men (legs), few grinders (teeth), dim windows (eyes), and man going to his eternal home amid mourners[1][2][3]. He concludes that fearing God and keeping His commandments is the whole duty of man, for God will bring every work into judgment, whether good or evil[1][2][3].
Interlinear Text
and-remember [direct object marker] your-Creator in-days-of your-youth before that not they-come days-of the-evil and-draw-near years when you-will-say there-is-not to-me in-them pleasure
1
וּ/זְכֹר֙
𐤅/𐤆𐤊𐤓
uzekhor
and-remember
HC/Vqv2ms
אֶת
𐤀𐤕
et
[direct object marker]
HTo
בּ֣וֹרְאֶ֔י/ךָ
𐤁𐤅𐤓𐤀𐤉/𐤊
boreeykha
your-Creator
HVqrmpc/Sp2ms
בִּ/ימֵ֖י
𐤁/𐤉𐤌𐤉
bimey
in-days-of
HR/Ncmpc
בְּחוּרֹתֶ֑י/ךָ
𐤁𐤇𐤅𐤓𐤕𐤉/𐤊
bechuroteykha
your-youth
HNcbpc/Sp2ms
עַ֣ד
𐤏𐤃
ad
before
HR
אֲשֶׁ֤ר
𐤀𐤔𐤓
asher
that
HTr
לֹא
𐤋𐤀
lo
not
HTn
יָבֹ֨אוּ֙
𐤉𐤁𐤀𐤅
yavou
they-come
HVqi3mp
יְמֵ֣י
𐤉𐤌𐤉
yemey
days-of
HNcmpc
הָֽ/רָעָ֔ה
𐤄/𐤓𐤏𐤄
haraah
the-evil
HTd/Ncfsa
וְ/הִגִּ֣יעוּ
𐤅/𐤄𐤂𐤉𐤏𐤅
vehigiu
and-draw-near
HC/Vhq3cp
שָׁנִ֔ים
𐤔𐤍𐤉𐤌
shanim
years
HNcfpa
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
𐤀𐤔𐤓
asher-2
when
HTr
תֹּאמַ֔ר
𐤕𐤀𐤌𐤓
tomar
you-will-say
HVqi2ms
אֵֽין
𐤀𐤉𐤍
eyn
there-is-not
HTn
לִ֥/י
𐤋/𐤉
li
to-me
HR/Sp1cs
בָ/הֶ֖ם
𐤁/𐤄𐤌
vahem
in-them
HR/Sp3mp
חֵֽפֶץ
𐤇𐤐𐤑
chefets
pleasure
HNcmsa
before that not is darkened the sun and the light and the moon and the stars return the clouds after the rain
2
עַ֠ד
𐤏𐤃
ad
before
HR
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
𐤀𐤔𐤓
asher
that
HTr
לֹֽא
𐤋𐤀
lo
not
HTn
תֶחְשַׁ֤ךְ
𐤕𐤇𐤔𐤊
techeshakhe
is darkened
HVqi3fs
הַ/שֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ֙
𐤄/𐤔𐤌𐤔
hashemesh
the sun
HTd/Ncbsa
וְ/הָ/א֔וֹר
𐤅/𐤄/𐤀𐤅𐤓
vehaor
and the light
HC/Td/Ncbsa
וְ/הַ/יָּרֵ֖חַ
𐤅/𐤄/𐤉𐤓𐤇
vehayarecha
and the moon
HC/Td/Ncmsa
וְ/הַ/כּוֹכָבִ֑ים
𐤅/𐤄/𐤊𐤅𐤊𐤁𐤉𐤌
vehakokhavim
and the stars
HC/Td/Ncmpa
וְ/שָׁ֥בוּ
𐤅/𐤔𐤁𐤅
veshavu
return
HC/Vqq3cp
הֶ/עָבִ֖ים
𐤄/𐤏𐤁𐤉𐤌
heavim
the clouds
HTd/Ncbpa
אַחַ֥ר
𐤀𐤇𐤓
achar
after
HR
הַ/גָּֽשֶׁם
𐤄/𐤂𐤔𐤌
hagashem
the rain
HTd/Ncmsa
in the day when they tremble the keepers of the house and are bent men of strength and cease the grinders because they are few and grow dim those who look out through the windows
3
בַּ/יּ֗וֹם
𐤁/𐤉𐤅𐤌
bayom
in the day
HRd/Ncmsa
שֶׁ/יָּזֻ֨עוּ֙
𐤔/𐤉𐤆𐤏𐤅
sheyazuu
when they tremble
HTr/Vqi3mp
שֹׁמְרֵ֣י
𐤔𐤌𐤓𐤉
shomerey
the keepers
HVqrmpc
הַ/בַּ֔יִת
𐤄/𐤁𐤉𐤕
habayit
of the house
HTd/Ncmsa
וְ/הִֽתְעַוְּת֖וּ
𐤅/𐤄𐤕𐤏𐤅𐤕𐤅
vehiteavetu
and are bent
HC/Vtq3cp
אַנְשֵׁ֣י
𐤀𐤍𐤔𐤉
aneshey
men
HNcmpc
הֶ/חָ֑יִל
𐤄/𐤇𐤉𐤋
hechayil
of strength
HTd/Ncmsa
וּ/בָטְל֤וּ
𐤅/𐤁𐤈𐤋𐤅
uvatelu
and cease
HC/Vqq3cp
הַ/טֹּֽחֲנוֹת֙
𐤄/𐤈𐤇𐤍𐤅𐤕
hatochanot
the grinders
HTd/Ncfpa
כִּ֣י
𐤊𐤉
ki
because
HC
מִעֵ֔טוּ
𐤌𐤏𐤈𐤅
mietu
they are few
HVpp3cp
וְ/חָשְׁכ֥וּ
𐤅/𐤇𐤔𐤊𐤅
vechashekhu
and grow dim
HC/Vqq3cp
הָ/רֹא֖וֹת
𐤄/𐤓𐤀𐤅𐤕
haroot
those who look out
HTd/Vqrfpa
בָּ/אֲרֻבּֽוֹת
𐤁/𐤀𐤓𐤁𐤅𐤕
baarubot
through the windows
HRd/Ncfpa
and the doors are shut the doors in the street when low the sound of the grinding and one rises at the sound of the bird and are brought low all daughters of song
4
וְ/סֻגְּר֤וּ
𐤅/𐤎𐤂𐤓𐤅
vesugeru
and the doors are shut
HC/VPq3cp
דְלָתַ֨יִם֙
𐤃𐤋𐤕𐤉𐤌
delatayim
the doors
HNcfda
בַּ/שּׁ֔וּק
𐤁/𐤔𐤅𐤒
bashuq
in the street
HRd/Ncmsa
בִּ/שְׁפַ֖ל
𐤁/𐤔𐤐𐤋
bishefal
when low
HR/Vqc
ק֣וֹל
𐤒𐤅𐤋
qol
the sound
HNcmsc
הַֽ/טַּחֲנָ֑ה
𐤄/𐤈𐤇𐤍𐤄
hatachanah
of the grinding
HTd/Ncfsa
וְ/יָקוּם֙
𐤅/𐤉𐤒𐤅𐤌
veyaqum
and one rises
HC/Vqi3ms
לְ/ק֣וֹל
𐤋/𐤒𐤅𐤋
leqol
at the sound
HR/Ncmsc
הַ/צִּפּ֔וֹר
𐤄/𐤑𐤐𐤅𐤓
hatsipor
of the bird
HTd/Ncbsa
וְ/יִשַּׁ֖חוּ
𐤅/𐤉𐤔𐤇𐤅
veyishachu
and are brought low
HC/VNi3mp
כָּל
𐤊𐤋
kal
all
HNcmsc
בְּנ֥וֹת
𐤁𐤍𐤅𐤕
benot
daughters
HNcfpc
הַ/שִּֽׁיר
𐤄/𐤔𐤉𐤓
hashir
of song
HTd/Ncbsa
also of height they are afraid and terrors in the way and blossoms the almond tree and drags itself the grasshopper and fails the caperberry for going man to house of his eternity and go about in the street the mourners
5
גַּ֣ם
𐤂𐤌
gam
also
HTa
מִ/גָּבֹ֤הַּ
𐤌/𐤂𐤁𐤄
migavoha
of height
HR/Aamsa
יִרָ֨אוּ֙
𐤉𐤓𐤀𐤅
yirau
they are afraid
HVqi3mp
וְ/חַתְחַתִּ֣ים
𐤅/𐤇𐤕𐤇𐤕𐤉𐤌
vechatechatim
and terrors
HC/Ncmpa
בַּ/דֶּ֔רֶךְ
𐤁/𐤃𐤓𐤊
baderekhe
in the way
HRd/Ncbsa
וְ/יָנֵ֤אץ
𐤅/𐤉𐤍𐤀𐤑
veyanets
and blossoms
HC/Vhi3ms
הַ/שָּׁקֵד֙
𐤄/𐤔𐤒𐤃
hashaqed
the almond tree
HTd/Ncmsa
וְ/יִסְתַּבֵּ֣ל
𐤅/𐤉𐤎𐤕𐤁𐤋
veyisetabel
and drags itself
HC/Vti3ms
הֶֽ/חָגָ֔ב
𐤄/𐤇𐤂𐤁
hechagav
the grasshopper
HTd/Ncmsa
וְ/תָפֵ֖ר
𐤅/𐤕𐤐𐤓
vetafer
and fails
HC/Vhi3fs
הָֽ/אֲבִיּוֹנָ֑ה
𐤄/𐤀𐤁𐤉𐤅𐤍𐤄
haavionah
the caperberry
HTd/Ncfsa
כִּֽי
𐤊𐤉
ki
for
HC
הֹלֵ֤ךְ
𐤄𐤋𐤊
holekhe
going
HVqrmsa
הָ/אָדָם֙
𐤄/𐤀𐤃𐤌
haadam
man
HTd/Ncmsa
אֶל
𐤀𐤋
el
to
HR
בֵּ֣ית
𐤁𐤉𐤕
beyt
house
HNcmsc
עוֹלָמ֔/וֹ
𐤏𐤅𐤋𐤌/𐤅
olamo
of his eternity
HNcmsc/Sp3ms
וְ/סָבְב֥וּ
𐤅/𐤎𐤁𐤁𐤅
vesavevu
and go about
HC/Vqq3cp
בָ/שּׁ֖וּק
𐤁/𐤔𐤅𐤒
vashuq
in the street
HRd/Ncmsa
הַ/סֹּפְדִֽים
𐤄/𐤎𐤐𐤃𐤉𐤌
hasofedim
the mourners
HTd/Vqrmpa
until that not is removed is loosed cord the silver and runs bowl the golden and is broken pitcher at the spring and is broken the wheel at the cistern
6
עַ֣ד
𐤏𐤃
ad
until
HR
אֲשֶׁ֤ר
𐤀𐤔𐤓
asher
that
HTr
לֹֽא
𐤋𐤀
lo
not
HTn
ירחק
𐤉𐤓𐤇𐤒
yrchq
is removed
HVqi3ms
יֵרָתֵק֙
𐤉𐤓𐤕𐤒
yerateq
is loosed
HVNi3ms
חֶ֣בֶל
𐤇𐤁𐤋
chevel
cord
HNcbsc
הַ/כֶּ֔סֶף
𐤄/𐤊𐤎𐤐
hakesef
the silver
HTd/Ncmsa
וְ/תָרֻ֖ץ
𐤅/𐤕𐤓𐤑
vetaruts
and runs
HC/Vqi3fs
גֻּלַּ֣ת
𐤂𐤋𐤕
gulat
bowl
HNcfsc
הַ/זָּהָ֑ב
𐤄/𐤆𐤄𐤁
hazahav
the golden
HTd/Ncmsa
וְ/תִשָּׁ֤בֶר
𐤅/𐤕𐤔𐤁𐤓
vetishaver
and is broken
HC/VNi3fs
כַּד֙
𐤊𐤃
kad
pitcher
HNcfsa
עַל
𐤏𐤋
al
at
HR
הַ/מַּבּ֔וּעַ
𐤄/𐤌𐤁𐤅𐤏
hamabua
the spring
HTd/Ncmsa
וְ/נָרֹ֥ץ
𐤅/𐤍𐤓𐤑
venarots
and is broken
HC/VNq3ms
הַ/גַּלְגַּ֖ל
𐤄/𐤂𐤋𐤂𐤋
hagalegal
the wheel
HTd/Ncmsa
אֶל
𐤀𐤋
el
at
HR
הַ/בּֽוֹר
𐤄/𐤁𐤅𐤓
habor
the cistern
HTd/Ncmsa
and shall return the dust to the earth as it was and the spirit shall return to God who gave it
7
וְ/יָשֹׁ֧ב
𐤅/𐤉𐤔𐤁
veyashov
and shall return
HC/Vqi3ms
הֶ/עָפָ֛ר
𐤄/𐤏𐤐𐤓
heafar
the dust
HTd/Ncmsa
עַל
𐤏𐤋
al
to
HR
הָ/אָ֖רֶץ
𐤄/𐤀𐤓𐤑
haarets
the earth
HTd/Ncbsa
כְּ/שֶׁ/הָיָ֑ה
𐤊/𐤔/𐤄𐤉𐤄
keshehayah
as it was
HR/Tr/Vqp3ms
וְ/הָ/ר֣וּחַ
𐤅/𐤄/𐤓𐤅𐤇
veharucha
Roho (Swahili)
and the spirit
HC/Td/Ncbsa
תָּשׁ֔וּב
𐤕𐤔𐤅𐤁
tashuv
shall return
HVqi3fs
אֶל
𐤀𐤋
el
to
HR
הָ/אֱלֹהִ֖ים
𐤄/𐤀𐤋𐤄𐤉𐤌
haelohim
Mulimu (Lozi)
God
HTd/Ncmpa
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
𐤀𐤔𐤓
asher
who
HTr
נְתָנָֽ/הּ
𐤍𐤕𐤍/𐤄
netanah
gave it
HVqp3ms/Sp3fs
Vanity of vanities says the Preacher all is vanity
And moreover because he was the Preacher wise still he taught knowledge [direct object marker] the people and he weighed and he searched and he arranged proverbs many
9
וְ/יֹתֵ֕ר
𐤅/𐤉𐤕𐤓
veyoter
And moreover
HC/Ncmsa
שֶׁ/הָיָ֥ה
𐤔/𐤄𐤉𐤄
shehayah
because he was
HTr/Vqp3ms
קֹהֶ֖לֶת
𐤒𐤄𐤋𐤕
qohelet
the Preacher
HNcmsa
חָכָ֑ם
𐤇𐤊𐤌
chakham
wise
HAamsa
ע֗וֹד
𐤏𐤅𐤃
od
still
HD
לִמַּד
𐤋𐤌𐤃
limad
he taught
HVpp3ms
דַּ֨עַת֙
𐤃𐤏𐤕
daat
knowledge
HNcfsa
אֶת
𐤀𐤕
et
[direct object marker]
HTo
הָ/עָ֔ם
𐤄/𐤏𐤌
haam
the people
HTd/Ncmsa
וְ/אִזֵּ֣ן
𐤅/𐤀𐤆𐤍
veizen
and he weighed
HC/Vpp3ms
וְ/חִקֵּ֔ר
𐤅/𐤇𐤒𐤓
vechiqer
and he searched
HC/Vpp3ms
תִּקֵּ֖ן
𐤕𐤒𐤍
tiqen
and he arranged
HVpp3ms
מְשָׁלִ֥ים
𐤌𐤔𐤋𐤉𐤌
meshalim
proverbs
HNcmpa
הַרְבֵּֽה
𐤄𐤓𐤁𐤄
harebeh
many
HVha
sought the Preacher to find words of delight and written upright words of truth
10
בִּקֵּ֣שׁ
𐤁𐤒𐤔
biqesh
sought
HVpp3ms
קֹהֶ֔לֶת
𐤒𐤄𐤋𐤕
qohelet
the Preacher
HNcmsa
לִ/מְצֹ֖א
𐤋/𐤌𐤑𐤀
limetso
to find
HR/Vqc
דִּבְרֵי
𐤃𐤁𐤓𐤉
diverey
words of
HNcmpc
חֵ֑פֶץ
𐤇𐤐𐤑
chefets
delight
HNcmsa
וְ/כָת֥וּב
𐤅/𐤊𐤕𐤅𐤁
vekhatuv
and written
HC/Vqsmsa
יֹ֖שֶׁר
𐤉𐤔𐤓
yosher
upright
HNcmsa
דִּבְרֵ֥י
𐤃𐤁𐤓𐤉
diverey-2
words of
HNcmpc
אֱמֶֽת
𐤀𐤌𐤕
emet
truth
HNcfsa
words of the wise like goads and like nails fixed masters of collections they are given from shepherd one
11
דִּבְרֵ֤י
𐤃𐤁𐤓𐤉
diverey
words of
HNcmpc
חֲכָמִים֙
𐤇𐤊𐤌𐤉𐤌
chakhamim
the wise
HAampa
כַּ/דָּ֣רְבֹנ֔וֹת
𐤊/𐤃𐤓𐤁𐤍𐤅𐤕
kadarevonot
like goads
HRd/Ncbpa
וּֽ/כְ/מַשְׂמְר֥וֹת
𐤅/𐤊/𐤌𐤔𐤌𐤓𐤅𐤕
ukhemasemerot
and like nails
HC/R/Ncbpa
נְטוּעִ֖ים
𐤍𐤈𐤅𐤏𐤉𐤌
netuim
fixed
HVqsmpa
בַּעֲלֵ֣י
𐤁𐤏𐤋𐤉
baaley
masters of
HNcmpc
אֲסֻפּ֑וֹת
𐤀𐤎𐤐𐤅𐤕
asupot
collections
HNcfpa
נִתְּנ֖וּ
𐤍𐤕𐤍𐤅
nitenu
they are given
HVNp3cp
מֵ/רֹעֶ֥ה
𐤌/𐤓𐤏𐤄
meroeh
from shepherd
HR/Vqrmsa
אֶחָֽד
𐤀𐤇𐤃
echad
Eka (Bemba)
one
HAcmsa
And-further than-these my-son be-warned to-make books much there-is-no end and-much-talk much weariness of-flesh
12
וְ/יֹתֵ֥ר
𐤅/𐤉𐤕𐤓
veyoter
And-further
HC/Ncmsa
מֵ/הֵ֖מָּה
𐤌/𐤄𐤌𐤄
mehemah
than-these
HR/Pdxmp
בְּנִ֣/י
𐤁𐤍/𐤉
beni
Bene (Bemba)
my-son
HNcmsc/Sp1cs
הִזָּהֵ֑ר
𐤄𐤆𐤄𐤓
hizaher
be-warned
HVNv2ms
עֲשׂ֨וֹת
𐤏𐤔𐤅𐤕
asot
to-make
HVqc
סְפָרִ֤ים
𐤎𐤐𐤓𐤉𐤌
sefarim
books
HNcmpa
הַרְבֵּה֙
𐤄𐤓𐤁𐤄
harebeh
much
HVha
אֵ֣ין
𐤀𐤉𐤍
eyn
there-is-no
HTn
קֵ֔ץ
𐤒𐤑
qets
end
HNcmsa
וְ/לַ֥הַג
𐤅/𐤋𐤄𐤂
velahag
and-much-talk
HC/Ncmsa
הַרְבֵּ֖ה
𐤄𐤓𐤁𐤄
harebeh-2
much
HVha
יְגִעַ֥ת
𐤉𐤂𐤏𐤕
yegiat
weariness
HNcfsc
בָּשָֽׂר
𐤁𐤔𐤓
basar
of-flesh
HNcmsa
end of the matter all has been heard [direct object marker] God fear and his commandments keep for this the whole of man
13
ס֥וֹף
𐤎𐤅𐤐
sof
end
HNcmsc
דָּבָ֖ר
𐤃𐤁𐤓
davar
of the matter
HNcmsa
הַ/כֹּ֣ל
𐤄/𐤊𐤋
hakol
all
HTd/Ncmsa
נִשְׁמָ֑ע
𐤍𐤔𐤌𐤏
nishema
has been heard
HVNp3ms
אֶת
𐤀𐤕
et
[direct object marker]
HTo
הָ/אֱלֹהִ֤ים
𐤄/𐤀𐤋𐤄𐤉𐤌
haelohim
Mulimu (Lozi)
God
HTd/Ncmpa
יְרָא֙
𐤉𐤓𐤀
yera
fear
HVqv2ms
וְ/אֶת
𐤅/𐤀𐤕
veet
and
HC/To
מִצְוֺתָ֣י/ו
𐤌𐤑𐤅𐤕𐤉/𐤅
mitseotayv
his commandments
HNcfpc/Sp3ms
שְׁמ֔וֹר
𐤔𐤌𐤅𐤓
shemor
keep
HVqv2ms
כִּי
𐤊𐤉
ki
for
HC
זֶ֖ה
𐤆𐤄
zeh
this
HPdxms
כָּל
𐤊𐤋
kal
the whole
HNcmsc
הָ/אָדָֽם
𐤄/𐤀𐤃𐤌
haadam
of man
HTd/Ncmsa
For [direct object marker] every deed of God will bring into judgment with every secret thing whether good or whether evil
14
כִּ֤י
𐤊𐤉
ki
For
HC
אֶת
𐤀𐤕
et
[direct object marker]
HTo
כָּל
𐤊𐤋
kal
every
HNcmsc
מַֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה
𐤌𐤏𐤔𐤄
maaseh
deed
HNcmsa
הָ/אֱלֹהִ֛ים
𐤄/𐤀𐤋𐤄𐤉𐤌
haelohim
Mulimu (Lozi)
of God
HTd/Ncmpa
יָבִ֥א
𐤉𐤁𐤀
yavi
will bring
HVhi3ms
בְ/מִשְׁפָּ֖ט
𐤁/𐤌𐤔𐤐𐤈
vemishepat
into judgment
HR/Ncmsa
עַ֣ל
𐤏𐤋
al
with
HR
כָּל
𐤊𐤋
kal-2
every
HNcmsc
נֶעְלָ֑ם
𐤍𐤏𐤋𐤌
neelam
secret thing
HVNrmsa
אִם
𐤀𐤌
im
whether
HC
ט֖וֹב
𐤈𐤅𐤁
tov
good
HAamsa
וְ/אִם
𐤅/𐤀𐤌
veim
or whether
HC/C
רָֽע
𐤓𐤏
ra
evil
HAamsa