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גָּרַשׁ

𐤂𐤓𐤔

gârash

H1644 verb

SILEX Entry

Definition

To drive out, expel, banish, or cast out, typically by force or compulsion. Commonly denotes the removal of persons from a territory, household, or community, or the forceful expulsion of objects or elements. In legal and social contexts, it can refer to divorce (expulsion of a spouse). In poetic and metaphorical language, can be used for driving away trouble, clouds, or other non-physical entities.

Semantic Range

drive out, expel, banish, divorce, cast out, thrust out, force away, send away forcibly, remove by compulsion, trouble (metaphorically), stir up (e.g., dust or wind)

Root / Etymology

From the root ג-ר-ש (גרש), whose base meaning is 'to drive out, expel.' The verb גָּרַשׁ is a qal verb form directly derived from this root, retaining the general sense of active removal or expulsion. Nouns and participles from this root (such as גֵּרוּשִׁין, 'divorce') further extend the semantic field, but the primary verbal meaning is to drive or thrust out.

Historical & Contextual Notes

In the Hebrew Bible, גָּרַשׁ is often used in narratives describing the expulsion of peoples from land (especially in the conquest accounts, e.g., expelling indigenous inhabitants from Canaan), banishment from family or household (such as Hagar being sent away in Genesis 21:10), or the legal act of divorce, in which a wife is 'sent away' or 'driven out' (see Deuteronomy 24:1). In some poetic and prophetic texts, the word conveys non-literal banishment, such as driving away wind or clouds. Later Jewish legal tradition developed the term גֵּרוּשִׁין (gerushin) for divorce, directly related. English translations often render גָּרַשׁ as 'drive out,' 'expel,' or 'divorce,' but in biblical contexts, the sense frequently implies social or territorial exclusion rather than simple departure. The term is distinct from verbs such as שילח (to send), which often lack the nuance of compulsion or force found in גָּרַשׁ.

Translation Consistency

primary "drive out" 14 occurrences

Most occurrences in the data use the root sense of forcibly removing someone or something (drive/drove/driven). "Drive out" naturally captures physical expulsion, banishment/divorce, and metaphorical driving away (trouble, clouds), and is more natural than the more formal "expel." Using the phrasal verb keeps the forceful nuance consistent across all forms.

Alternatives (33 occurrences):
"forcefully drove out" (7x) "expelled" (5x) "driven out" (4x) "driven-out woman" (4x) "drove out" (4x) "drove them away" (1x) "driving out" (1x) "divorced woman" (1x) "might expel" (1x) "driven me out" (1x) "driven him out" (1x) "forcefully expel" (1x) "expel" (1x) "expel forcefully" (1x)

Original Strong's Gloss (1890)

a primitive root; to drive out from a possession; especially to expatriate or divorce; cast up (out), divorced (woman), drive away (forth, out), expel, [idiom] surely put away, trouble, thrust out.

Bantu Hebrew

Language Bantu Word Transliteration Meaning
Bambara kɛra to expel, send away, drive out
Dyula kɛra to expel, send away, drive out
Mandinka kéra to expel, send away, chase out
Ndebele xosha to expel, drive away, chase off
Shambala fukuza drive away, chase away

See all 9 languages →

Root Family

גרש (Gereshom) — to drive out, expel, banish

Root גרש to drive out, expel, banish, divorce
Strong's Lemma SIBI-P1
H1647 גֵּרְשֹׁם sojourner there
H1648 גֵּרְשׁוֹן Sojourner-There
H1649 גֵּרְשֻׁנִּי the Gershon-descendant
H4054 מִגְרָשׁ outlying pasture-land of

Word Forms

35 distinct forms

SIDANCE Surface Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2 Occurrences
H1644-23 וַ/יְגָ֤רֶשׁ vayegaresh HC/Vpw3ms and drove out and he forcefully drove out and he forcefully drove out 7
H1644-17 וּ/גְרוּשָׁ֔ה ugerushah HC/Vqsfsa or a divorced woman and a driven-out woman and a driven-out woman 4
H1644-04 גָּרֵ֛שׁ garesh HVpa Drive out Drive out! Drive out 3
H1644-03 אֲגָרְשֶׁ֛/נּוּ agareshenu HVpi1cs/Sp3ms I will drive them out I will force him out I will drive them out 2
H1644-01 אֲגָרֵ֥שׁ agaresh HVpi1cs I will drive out I will forcefully expel I will drive out 1
H1644-02 אֲגָרְשֵׁ֑/ם agareshem HVpi1cs/Sp3mp I will drive them out I will forcefully expel them I will forcefully expel them 1
H1644-05 גֵּרַ֨שְׁתָּ gerasheta HVpp2ms you have driven You have expelled you have expelled 1
H1644-06 גֵּרַשְׁתִּֽ/הוּ gerashetihu HVpp1cs/Sp3ms I-have-driven-him-out I expelled him I have driven him out 1
H1644-07 גֵרְשׁ֣וּ/נִי gereshuni HVpp3cp/Sp1cs they have driven me out they forcefully drove me out they have driven me out 1
H1644-08 גְּרוּשָׁ֥ה gerushah HVqsfsa divorced driven-out woman divorced woman 1

Occurrences in Scripture

47 occurrences

SIDANCE Reference Word Transliteration Morphology Common SIBI-P1 SIBI-P2
H1644-23 Genesis 3:24 וַ/יְגָ֖רֶשׁ vayegaresh HC/Vpw3ms he drove out and he forcefully drove out and he forcefully drove out
H1644-05 Genesis 4:14 גֵּרַ֨שְׁתָּ gerasheta HVpp2ms you have driven You have expelled you have expelled
H1644-04 Genesis 21:10 גָּרֵ֛שׁ garesh HVpv2ms Drive out Drive out! Drive out
H1644-25 Exodus 2:17 וַ/יְגָרְשׁ֑וּ/ם vayegareshum HC/Vpw3mp/Sp3mp and drove them away. and they forcefully expelled them and they drove them away
H1644-33 Exodus 6:1 יְגָרְשֵׁ֖/ם yegareshem HVpi3ms/Sp3mp he shall drive them out he will expel them he will drive them out
H1644-23 Exodus 10:11 וַ/יְגָ֣רֶשׁ vayegaresh HC/Vpw3ms and he drove out and he forcefully drove out and he forcefully drove out
H1644-04 Exodus 11:1 גָּרֵ֛שׁ garesh HVpa drive out Drive out! drive out
H1644-32 Exodus 11:1 יְגָרֵ֥שׁ yegaresh HVpi3ms he will drive out he will expel he will drive out
H1644-10 Exodus 12:39 גֹרְשׁ֣וּ goreshu HVPp3cp they were thrust out they were driven out they were driven out
H1644-30 Exodus 23:28 וְ/גֵרְשָׁ֗ה vegereshah HC/Vpq3fs and-she-will-drive-out and she forcefully expelled and it will drive out
H1644-03 Exodus 23:29 אֲגָרְשֶׁ֛/נּוּ agareshenu HVpi1cs/Sp3ms I will drive them out I will force him out I will drive them out
H1644-03 Exodus 23:30 אֲגָרְשֶׁ֖/נּוּ agareshenu HVpi1cs/Sp3ms I will drive them out I will force him out I will drive him out
H1644-27 Exodus 23:31 וְ/גֵרַשְׁתָּ֖/מוֹ vegerashetamo HC/Vpq2ms/Sp3mp and you shall drive them out and you will expel them and you shall drive them out
H1644-28 Exodus 33:2 וְ/גֵֽרַשְׁתִּ֗י vegerasheti HC/Vpq1cs and I will drive out and I will expel and I will drive out
H1644-09 Exodus 34:11 גֹרֵ֣שׁ goresh HVqrmsa am driving out driving-out one am driving out
H1644-08 Leviticus 21:7 גְּרוּשָׁ֥ה gerushah HVqsfsa divorced driven-out woman divorced woman
H1644-17 Leviticus 21:14 וּ/גְרוּשָׁה֙ ugerushah HC/Vqsfsa or a divorced woman and a driven-out woman and a driven-out woman
H1644-17 Leviticus 22:13 וּ/גְרוּשָׁ֗ה ugerushah HC/Vqsfsa or divorced and a driven-out woman and a driven-out woman
H1644-19 Numbers 22:6 וַ/אֲגָרְשֶׁ֖/נּוּ vaagareshenu HC/Vpi1cs/Sp3ms and-drive-them-out I will forcibly expel him and I might expel him
H1644-29 Numbers 22:11 וְ/גֵרַשְׁתִּֽי/ו vegerashetiv HC/Vpq1cs/Sp3ms and drive him out and I expelled him and I expelled him
H1644-17 Numbers 30:10 וּ/גְרוּשָׁ֑ה ugerushah HC/Vqsfsa or-divorced-woman and a driven-out woman and a driven-out woman
H1644-23 Deuteronomy 33:27 וַ/יְגָ֧רֶשׁ vayegaresh HC/Vpw3ms he shall thrust out and he forcefully drove out and he forcefully drove out
H1644-20 Joshua 24:12 וַ/תְּגָ֤רֶשׁ vategaresh HC/Vpw3fs and it drove out and she drove out and it drove out
H1644-23 Joshua 24:18 וַ/יְגָ֨רֶשׁ vayegaresh HC/Vpw3ms and drove out and he forcefully drove out and he forcefully drove out
H1644-01 Judges 2:3 אֲגָרֵ֥שׁ agaresh HVpi1cs I will drive out I will forcefully expel I will drive out
H1644-18 Judges 6:9 וָ/אֲגָרֵ֤שׁ vaagaresh HC/Vpw1cs and I drove out and I forcefully expelled and I drove out
H1644-23 Judges 9:41 וַ/יְגָ֧רֶשׁ vayegaresh HC/Vpw3ms and drove out and he forcefully drove out and he forcefully drove out
H1644-24 Judges 11:2 וַ/יְגָרְשׁ֣וּ vayegareshu HC/Vpw3mp and they drove out and they forcibly expelled and they drove out
H1644-21 Judges 11:7 וַ/תְּגָרְשׁ֖וּ/נִי vategareshuni HC/Vpw2mp/Sp1cs and drive me out and you expelled me and you expelled me
H1644-07 1 Samuel 26:19 גֵרְשׁ֣וּ/נִי gereshuni HVpp3cp/Sp1cs they have driven me out they forcefully drove me out they have driven me out
H1644-23 1 Kings 2:27 וַ/יְגָ֤רֶשׁ vayegaresh HC/Vpw3ms So thrust out and he forcefully drove out and he forcefully drove out
H1644-13 Isaiah 57:20 נִגְרָ֑שׁ nigerash HVNrmsa troubled driven-out one driven out
H1644-26 Isaiah 57:20 וַ/יִּגְרְשׁ֥וּ vayigereshu HC/Vqw3mp whose waters cast up they drove out and they drive out
H1644-06 Ezekiel 31:11 גֵּרַשְׁתִּֽ/הוּ gerashetihu HVpp1cs/Sp3ms I-have-driven-him-out I expelled him I have driven him out
H1644-17 Ezekiel 44:22 וּ/גְרוּשָׁ֔ה ugerushah HC/Vqsfsa or-a-divorced-woman and a driven-out woman and a driven-out woman
H1644-02 Hosea 9:15 אֲגָרְשֵׁ֑/ם agareshem HVpi1cs/Sp3mp I will drive them out I will forcefully expel them I will forcefully expel them
H1644-31 Amos 8:8 וְ/נִגְרְשָׁ֥ה venigereshah HC/VNq3fs and be tossed and she was expelled and it will be expelled
H1644-14 Jonah 2:5 נִגְרַ֖שְׁתִּי nigerasheti HVNp1cs I have been driven away I was driven out I was driven out
H1644-16 Micah 2:9 תְּגָ֣רְשׁ֔וּ/ן tegareshun HVpi2mp/Sn you drive out you will drive out you drive out
H1644-34 Zephaniah 2:4 יְגָ֣רְשׁ֔וּ/הָ yegareshuha HVpi3mp/Sp3fs they-will-drive-out-her they will forcibly expel her they will expel her
H1644-22 Psalms 34:1 וַֽ֝/יְגָרֲשֵׁ֗/הוּ vayegarashehu HC/Vpw3ms/Sp3ms and drove him away he expelled him he expelled him
H1644-23 Psalms 78:55 וַ/יְגָ֤רֶשׁ vayegaresh HC/Vpw3ms and-he-drove-out and he forcefully drove out and he forcefully drove out
H1644-15 Psalms 80:9 תְּגָרֵ֥שׁ tegaresh HVpi2ms out you will force out you drove out
H1644-04 Proverbs 22:10 גָּ֣רֵֽשׁ garesh HVpv2ms Drive out Drive out! Drive out
H1644-35 Job 30:5 יְגֹרָ֑שׁוּ yegorashu HVPi3mp they are driven out they will be driven out they are driven out
H1644-11 1 Chronicles 17:21 לְ/גָרֵ֗שׁ legaresh HR/Vpc by driving out to expel forcefully to expel forcefully
H1644-12 2 Chronicles 20:11 לְ/גָ֣רְשֵׁ֔/נוּ legareshenu HR/Vpc/Sp1cp to drive us out to force us out to drive us out
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